我发现 Ruby 中的 String#hex 没有为给定的字符返回正确的十六进制值,这很奇怪。我可能对方法有误解,但举个例子:
'a'.hex
=> 10
而“a”的正确十六进制值是 61:
'a'.unpack('H*')
=> 61
我错过了什么吗?十六进制有什么用?任何提示表示赞赏!
谢谢
String#hex
不会为您提供字符的 ASCII 索引,它用于将 base-16 数字(十六进制)从字符串转换为整数:
% ri String\#hex
String#hex
(from ruby site)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
str.hex -> integer
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Treats leading characters from str as a string of hexadecimal digits
(with an optional sign and an optional 0x) and returns the
corresponding number. Zero is returned on error.
"0x0a".hex #=> 10
"-1234".hex #=> -4660
"0".hex #=> 0
"wombat".hex #=> 0
所以它使用法线映射:
'0'.hex #=> 0
'1'.hex #=> 1
...
'9'.hex #=> 9
'a'.hex #=> 10 == 0xA
'b'.hex #=> 11
...
'f'.hex #=> 15 == 0xF == 0x0F
'10'.hex #=> 16 == 0x10
'11'.hex #=> 17 == 0x11
...
'ff'.hex #=> 255 == 0xFF
String#to_i
这与使用 base 16 时非常相似:
'0xff'.to_i(16) #=> 255
'FF'.to_i(16) #=> 255
'-FF'.to_i(16) #=> -255
从文档:
% ri String\#to_i
String#to_i
(from ruby site)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
str.to_i(base=10) -> integer
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Returns the result of interpreting leading characters in str as an
integer base base (between 2 and 36). Extraneous characters past the
end of a valid number are ignored. If there is not a valid number at the start
of str, 0 is returned. This method never raises an exception
when base is valid.
"12345".to_i #=> 12345
"99 red balloons".to_i #=> 99
"0a".to_i #=> 0
"0a".to_i(16) #=> 10
"hello".to_i #=> 0
"1100101".to_i(2) #=> 101
"1100101".to_i(8) #=> 294977
"1100101".to_i(10) #=> 1100101
"1100101".to_i(16) #=> 17826049
与十六进制方法相比还有一个优势。'10-0' 到 256。
考虑您要比较“100”>“20”。应该返回 true 但返回 false。使用 '100'.hex >'20'.hex。返回真。哪个更准确。