PowerMock
您可以使用PowerMock模拟构造函数。
所以在你的情况下,测试看起来像这样:
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(MainActivityOfTheApp.class)
public class MainActivityOfTheAppTest{
private AsyncTaskFactory asyncTaskFactory;
private IntentFactory intentFactory;
private MainActivityOfTheApp mainActivityOfTheApp;
@Before
public void prepare() {
asyncTaskFactory = PowerMockito.mock(AsyncTaskFactory.class);
intentFactory = PowerMockito.mock(IntentFactory.class);
PowerMockito.whenNew(AsyncTaskFactory.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(asyncTaskFactory);
PowerMockito.whenNew(IntentFactory.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(intentFactory);
mainActivityOfTheApp = new MainActivityOfTheApp();
}
@Test
public void doTest() {
//mainActivityOfTheApp has the mocks in final field inside, no need for the setters.
}
}
我必须指出,PowerMock 功能强大,但经常遇到复杂的类加载(例如 OSGI 环境)或代码覆盖工具(例如 jacoco)的问题。它通常有效,但我浪费了一些时间。
没有 PowerMock
第二种可能性是创建包私有(没有修饰符。为什么不保护或公共?请参阅构造函数中可覆盖的方法调用有什么问题?)方法,它像这样调用构造函数:
public class MainActivityOfTheApp extends Activity {
private final IAsyncTaskFactory asyncTaskFactory = constructAsyncTaskFactory();
private final IIntentFactory intentFactory = constructIntentFactory();
IAsyncTaskFactory constructAsyncTaskFactory()
{
return new AsyncTaskFactory();
}
IIntentFactory constructIntentFactory()
{
return new IntentFactory();
}
...
}
然后在你的单元测试中(测试必须和被测试的类在同一个包中!)你覆盖了construct*()方法:
public class MainActivityOfTheAppTest{
private AsyncTaskFactory asyncTaskFactory;
private IntentFactory intentFactory;
private MainActivityOfTheApp mainActivityOfTheApp;
@Before
public void prepare() {
asyncTaskFactory = mock(AsyncTaskFactory.class);
intentFactory = mock(IntentFactory.class);
mainActivityOfTheApp = new HackedMainActivityOfTheApp();
}
@Test
public void doTest() {
//mainActivityOfTheApp has the mocks in final field inside, no need for the setters.
}
private class HackedMainActivityOfTheApp extends MainActivityOfTheApp {
IAsyncTaskFactory constructAsyncTaskFactory()
{
return asyncTaskFactory;
}
IIntentFactory constructIntentFactory()
{
return intentFactory;
}
}
}
如果您对包含 MainActivityOfTheApp 的 jar 进行签名,则可以保护construct* 方法。请参阅https://stackoverflow.com/a/968612/337621:
此外,补丁更难(你必须重新签名 jar),类补丁是不可能的(单个包中的所有类必须具有相同的签名源),并且拆分 jar 成为一件苦差事。