您可能能够修改 install.sh 然后在本地运行它，或者将它放在您自己的服务器上并以类似的方式执行它，但至少需要针对平台和版本进行修改. 但是，根据：
http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Fast+Start+Guide+for+Windows
看起来您可以按照不同的方法执行此操作，它确实说明了以下内容：
操作系统Chef 在许多流行的 Unix 和 Linux 平台以及 Mac OSX 和 Windows 上运行。我们将描述如何使用 Windows 2008 R2 作为工作站和客户端进行设置，但这些是也适用于 Windows 7 的一般指导。众所周知，这些指导不适用于 Windows Server 2003 或在%HOMEPATH%。有关这些的说明，请参阅工作站安装页面或 Windows 的客户端安装页面。
我认为您希望使用 bash 执行它的原因可能是为了获得更自动化的安装。如果安装脚本太难修改，您可能会根据该链接中的指南使用更面向 Windows 的东西来自动安装。
顺便说一句，我尝试使用与您相同的方法并收到相同的消息，查看 install.sh 您有以下几行：
machine=$(echo -e `uname -m`)
# Retrieve Platform and Platform Version
if [ -f "/etc/lsb-release" ] && grep -q DISTRIB_ID /etc/lsb-release;
then
platform=$(grep DISTRIB_ID /etc/lsb-release | cut -d "=" -f 2 | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
platform_version=$(grep DISTRIB_RELEASE /etc/lsb-release | cut -d "=" -f 2)
elif [ -f "/etc/debian_version" ];
then
platform="debian"
platform_version=$(echo -e `cat /etc/debian_version`)
elif [ -f "/etc/redhat-release" ];
then
platform=$(sed 's/^\(.\+\) release.*/\1/' /etc/redhat-release | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
platform_version=$(sed 's/^.\+ release \([.0-9]\+\).*/\1/' /etc/redhat-release)
# If /etc/redhat-release exists, we act like RHEL by default
if [ "$platform" = "fedora" ];
then
# Change platform version for use below.
platform_version="6.0"
fi
platform="el"
elif [ -f "/etc/system-release" ];
then
platform=$(sed 's/^\(.\+\) release.\+/\1/' /etc/system-release | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
platform_version=$(sed 's/^.\+ release \([.0-9]\+\).*/\1/' /etc/system-release | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
# amazon is built off of fedora, so act like RHEL
if [ "$platform" = "amazon linux ami" ];
then
platform="el"
platform_version="6.0"
fi
# Apple OS X
elif [ -f "/usr/bin/sw_vers" ];
then
platform="mac_os_x"
# Matching the tab-space with sed is error-prone
platform_version=$(sw_vers | awk '/^ProductVersion:/ { print $2 }')
major_version=$(echo $platform_version | cut -d. -f1,2)
case $major_version in
"10.6") platform_version="10.6" ;;
"10.7") platform_version="10.7" ;;
"10.8") platform_version="10.7" ;;
*) echo "No builds for platform: $major_version"
report_bug
exit 1
;;
esac
# x86_64 Apple hardware often runs 32-bit kernels (see OHAI-63)
x86_64=$(sysctl -n hw.optional.x86_64)
if [ $x86_64 -eq 1 ]; then
machine="x86_64"
fi
elif [ -f "/etc/release" ];
then
platform="solaris2"
machine=$(/usr/bin/uname -p)
platform_version=$(/usr/bin/uname -r)
elif [ -f "/etc/SuSE-release" ];
then
if grep -q 'Enterprise' /etc/SuSE-release;
then
platform="sles"
platform_version=$(awk '/^VERSION/ {V = $3}; /^PATCHLEVEL/ {P = $3}; END {print V "." P}' /etc/SuSE-release)
else
platform="suse"
platform_version=$(awk '/^VERSION =/ { print $3 }' /etc/SuSE-release)
fi
fi
platform="windows"
if [ "x$platform" = "x" ];
then
echo "Unable to determine platform version!"
report_bug
exit 1
fi
# Mangle $platform_version to pull the correct build
# for various platforms
major_version=$(echo $platform_version | cut -d. -f1)
case $platform in
"el")
case $major_version in
"5") platform_version="5" ;;
"6") platform_version="6" ;;
esac
;;
"debian")
case $major_version in
"5") platform_version="6";;
"6") platform_version="6";;
esac
;;
esac
if [ "x$platform_version" = "x" ];
then
echo "Unable to determine platform version!"
report_bug
exit 1
fi
if [ $use_shell = 1 ];
then
shell_filename
else
case $platform in
"ubuntu") deb_filename ;;
"debian") deb_filename ;;
"el") rpm_filename ;;
"suse") rpm_filename ;;
"sles") rpm_filename ;;
"fedora") rpm_filename ;;
"solaris2") svr4_filename ;;
*) shell_filename ;;
esac
fi
echo "Downloading Chef $version for ${platform}..."
url="https://opscode.com/chef/download?v=${version}&prerelease=${prerelease}&p=${platform}&pv=${platform_version}&m=${machine}"
最后一行，在 install.sh 脚本的第 199 行：
https://opscode.com/chef/download?v=${version}&prerelease=${prerelease}&p=${platform}&pv=${platform_version}&m=${machine}
我还没有找到适用于 Windows 7 的 url，但如果有的话，你可以在那里插入详细信息，它至少应该能够开始安装。