试试下面的 PDFBox 2.0 代码
public class PageNumberExample {
final boolean isCompress = false;
final boolean isContextReset = true;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    new PageNumberExample().addPageNumber("merged PDF path");
}
public void addPageNumber(String pdfPath) throws IOException {
    File mergePpdfFile = new File(pdfPath);
    PDDocument document = PDDocument.load(mergePpdfFile);
    int totalPage = document.getNumberOfPages();
    for(int i=0; i<totalPage; i++) {
        PDPage page = document.getPage(i);
        PDPageContentStream stream = new PDPageContentStream(document, page, PDPageContentStream.AppendMode.APPEND, isCompress, isContextReset);
        stream.setNonStrokingColor(Color.BLACK);
        stream.beginText();
        stream.setFont(PDType1Font.COURIER, 10);
        stream.newLineAtOffset(100, 100); //Set position where you want to print page number.
        stream.showText("Page " + (i+1) + " of " + totalPage);
        stream.endText();
        stream.close();
    }
    document.save(pdfPath);
    document.close();
}
}