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我正在尝试创建我自己的 Java Trie 版本,以便拥有一个,并获得制作它所需的知识,但这个项目让我感到困惑。我这里有一个非常基本的损坏的 Trie。

我正在向 Trie 添加 3 个单词(通过使用单词的第一个字符作为键,值是附加的 TrieNodes)。如果您注意到,我在 TrieNode 类中有打印语句,用于在程序运行时检查 isWord 的值。我希望单词中的最后一个字符将 isWord 变量设置为 True。从而识别单词的结尾(我稍后将使用它来获取整个单词)。

当我第一次输入这三个单词时,输出会打印每个单词的每个字母,因为它们进入 Trie 并正确识别哪些字符是单词结尾。

但是,如果在输入单词后立即遍历 Trie 并重新打印 Trie 中的所有字符及其 isWord 状态,“Hello”中的 'e' 现在突然被识别为单词结尾?

我已经为此倾注了好几个小时,我只是不明白为什么会这样。下面是工作代码:

package testcode;


import java.util.*;

public class TestCode {

    public static Trie t;
    public static void main (String[] args){
        t = new Trie();
        t.addWord("hello");
        t.addWord("hi");
        t.addWord("soup");
        //at this point the output correctly identifies word endings.
        t.findWords();
        /* but when iterating through the hash map it becomes evident that
        * when entering the word 'hi' the 'e' in 'hello' had its isWord variable
        * changed to true. I followed the logic and I do not see how or why this
        * is happening.
        */
    }
}

//This Trie class handles the root trie, and Trie commands.
class Trie{
    private TrieNode root;

    public Trie(){
        root = new TrieNode();
    }

    public void addWord(String word){
        root.addWord(word.toLowerCase());
    }

    public void findWords(){
        root.findWords();
    }
}

//Trie Node handles the nodes and words within the trie
class TrieNode{

    private TrieNode parent;
    private boolean isWord;
    private boolean hasChildren;
    private char character;
    private Map<Character, TrieNode> children = new HashMap<>();

    public TrieNode(){

        hasChildren = false;
        isWord = false;
    }

    public TrieNode(String word){

        this();
        addWord(word);

    }
    public void addWord(String word){

       char firstChar = word.charAt(0);


       if (children.get(firstChar) == null){

           if(word.length() > 1){

               hasChildren = true;
               children.put(firstChar, new TrieNode(word.substring(1)));
               children.get(firstChar).parent = this;
               System.out.print(firstChar + "--");
               System.out.println(isWord);
           }

           else{
               children.put(firstChar, new TrieNode());
               if(character == 'e'){
                   System.out.println("shits about to go down");
               }
               isWord = true;
               System.out.print(firstChar + "--");
               System.out.println(isWord);
           }
           children.get(firstChar).character = firstChar;
       }

       else {
           children.get(firstChar).addWord(word.substring(1));
       }
   }

    public void findWords(){
        for(Character key : children.keySet()){
            children.get(key).findWords();
            System.out.println(children.get(key).character + " -- " + isWord);     
      }
    }
}

此代码生成以下输出:

o--true
l--false
l--false
e--false
h--false
i--true
p--true
u--false
o--false
s--false
p -- true
u -- false
o -- false
s -- false
o -- true
l -- false
l -- false
e -- true    //notice the e here is now suddenly a word ending with isWord = true
i -- true
h -- false
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1 回答 1

1

存在一系列可能的问题。父/子混淆,在父节点处理叶子案例,包括构建和打印输出等。

我注意到在您的旧 'findWords' 代码中,您正在打印child character but parent 'isWord' flag。构建 trie 在“子节点存在”和“创建子节点路径”之间存在不希望的分歧——因此“isWord”只能在新路径上标记,而不能在现有路径上标记。构建 trie 似乎也在父节点而不是叶节点上设置了“isWord”。

通常,嵌套 IF 案例的代码很可能是不可靠的。代码应该尽可能通用——将其保留在方法的主要流程中,除非它确实属于 IF 内部。

这是干净且正确的代码:

class TrieNode{
    private TrieNode parent;
    private boolean isWord;
    private boolean hasChildren;
    private char character;
    private Map<Character, TrieNode> children = new HashMap<>();

    public TrieNode(){
        this.hasChildren = false;
        this.isWord = false;
    }
    public TrieNode (char ch) {
        this.character = ch;
        this.hasChildren = false;
        this.isWord = false;
    }

    public void addWord (String word){
        if (word.length() == 0) {
            this.isWord = true;
            System.out.println( character + " -- " + isWord);
            return;
        }

        // represent the Child Node;
        //       --
        char firstChar = word.charAt(0);
        TrieNode child = children.get( firstChar);
        if (child == null){
            child = new TrieNode( firstChar);
            children.put( firstChar, child);
            child.parent = this;
            hasChildren = true;
        }

        // add Remaining Word;
        //      -- call for 1-length words, as 0-length at Child sets 'IsWord'!
        child.addWord( word.substring(1));

        // print building here.
        System.out.println( character + " -- " + isWord);
    }



    public void findWords(){
        for(Character key : children.keySet()){
            children.get(key).findWords();
        }
        System.out.println( character + " -- " + isWord);     
    }
}
于 2013-05-16T10:09:24.040 回答