我正在尝试将csv文件上传到此站点。但是，我遇到了一些问题，我认为它源于不正确的mimetype（也许）。
我试图通过手动发布文件urllib2，所以我的代码如下所示：
import urllib
import urllib2
import mimetools, mimetypes
import os, stat
from cStringIO import StringIO
#============================
# Note: I found this recipe online. I can't remember where exactly though..
#=============================
class Callable:
def __init__(self, anycallable):
self.__call__ = anycallable
# Controls how sequences are uncoded. If true, elements may be given multiple values by
# assigning a sequence.
doseq = 1
class MultipartPostHandler(urllib2.BaseHandler):
handler_order = urllib2.HTTPHandler.handler_order - 10 # needs to run first
def http_request(self, request):
data = request.get_data()
if data is not None and type(data) != str:
v_files = []
v_vars = []
try:
for(key, value) in data.items():
if type(value) == file:
v_files.append((key, value))
else:
v_vars.append((key, value))
except TypeError:
systype, value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
raise TypeError, "not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object", traceback
if len(v_files) == 0:
data = urllib.urlencode(v_vars, doseq)
else:
boundary, data = self.multipart_encode(v_vars, v_files)
contenttype = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary
if(request.has_header('Content-Type')
and request.get_header('Content-Type').find('multipart/form-data') != 0):
print "Replacing %s with %s" % (request.get_header('content-type'), 'multipart/form-data')
request.add_unredirected_header('Content-Type', contenttype)
request.add_data(data)
return request
def multipart_encode(vars, files, boundary = None, buf = None):
if boundary is None:
boundary = mimetools.choose_boundary()
if buf is None:
buf = StringIO()
for(key, value) in vars:
buf.write('--%s\r\n' % boundary)
buf.write('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key)
buf.write('\r\n\r\n' + value + '\r\n')
for(key, fd) in files:
file_size = os.fstat(fd.fileno())[stat.ST_SIZE]
filename = fd.name.split('/')[-1]
contenttype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
buf.write('--%s\r\n' % boundary)
buf.write('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"\r\n' % (key, filename))
buf.write('Content-Type: %s\r\n' % contenttype)
# buffer += 'Content-Length: %s\r\n' % file_size
fd.seek(0)
buf.write('\r\n' + fd.read() + '\r\n')
buf.write('--' + boundary + '--\r\n\r\n')
buf = buf.getvalue()
return boundary, buf
multipart_encode = Callable(multipart_encode)
https_request = http_request
import cookielib
cookies = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookies),
MultipartPostHandler)
opener.addheaders = [(
'User-agent',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.6) Gecko/20070725 Firefox/2.0.0.6'
)]
params = {"FILENAME" : open("weather_scrape.csv", 'rb'),
'CGIREF' : '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1',
'USE':'MODEL',
'MODEL':'CM',
'CROP':'APPLES',
'METHOD': 'SS',
'UNITS' : 'E',
'LOWTHRESHOLD': '50',
'UPTHRESHOLD': '88',
'CUTOFF':'H',
'COUNTY':'AL',
'ACTIVE':'Y',
'FROMMONTH':'3',
'FROMDAY':'15',
'FROMYEAR': '2013',
'THRUMONTH':'5',
'THRUDAY':'13',
'THRUYEAR':'2013',
'DATASOURCE' : 'FILE'
}
response = opener.open("http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/WEATHER/textupload.cgi", params)
现在，当我发布此内容时，一切似乎都很好，直到我单击第一个POST返回的后续网页上的提交按钮。然后我收到此错误消息：
ERROR (bad data) in file 'weather.csv' at line 135.
Data record = [--192.168.117.2.1.4404.1368589639.796.1--]
Too few values found. Check delimiter specification.
现在，在调查我在浏览器中执行操作时发出的发布请求后，我注意到这content-type是非常具体的，即：
------WebKitFormBoundaryfBp6Jfhv7LlPZLKd
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="FILENAME"; filename="weather.csv"
Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel
我不完全确定内容类型是导致错误的原因，但是..这是我目前正在排除的（因为我不知道实际出了什么问题。）我看不到任何方法通过 urllib2 设置内容类型，所以经过一番谷歌搜索，我偶然发现urllib3.
Urllib3具有内置文件发布功能，但我不完全确定如何使用它。
Filepost
urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None)
Encode a dictionary of fields using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
Parameters:
fields –
Dictionary of fields or list of (key, value) or (key, value, MIME type) field tuples. The key is treated as the field name, and the value as the body of the form-data bytes. If the value is a tuple of two elements, then the first element is treated as the filename of the form-data section and a suitable MIME type is guessed based on the filename. If the value is a tuple of three elements, then the third element is treated as an explicit MIME type of the form-data section.
Field names and filenames must be unicode.
boundary – If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using mimetools.choose_boundary().
urllib3.filepost.iter_fields(fields)
Iterate over fields.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
使用这个库，我尝试将值编码为文档中的描述，但我遇到了错误。
我最初尝试过，只是为了测试一下，作为dict.
params = {"FILENAME" : open("weather.csv", 'rb'),
'CGIREF' : '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1',
'USE':'MODEL',
'MODEL':'CM',
'CROP':'APPLES',
'METHOD': 'SS',
'UNITS' : 'E',
'LOWTHRESHOLD': '50',
'UPTHRESHOLD': '88',
'CUTOFF':'H',
'COUNTY':'AL',
'ACTIVE':'Y',
'FROMMONTH':'3',
'FROMDAY':'15',
'FROMYEAR': '2013',
'THRUMONTH':'5',
'THRUDAY':'13',
'THRUYEAR':'2013',
'DATASOURCE' : 'FILE'
}
values = urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(params)
但是，这会引发以下错误：
values = urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(params)
File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\urllib3-dev-py2.7.egg\urllib3\filepost.py", line 90, in encode_multipart_formdata
body.write(data)
TypeError: 'file' does not have the buffer interface
不知道是什么原因造成的，我尝试传入一个元组列表（键、值、mimetype），但这也会引发错误：
params = [
("FILENAME" , open("weather_scrape.csv"), 'application/vnd.ms-excel'),
('CGIREF' , '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1'),
('USE','MODEL'),
('MODEL','CM'),
('CROP','APPLES'),
('METHOD', 'SS'),
('UNITS' , 'E'),
('LOWTHRESHOLD', '50'),
('UPTHRESHOLD', '88'),
('CUTOFF','H'),
('COUNTY','AL'),
('ACTIVE','Y'),
('FROMMONTH','3'),
('FROMDAY','15'),
('FROMYEAR', '2013'),
('THRUMONTH','5'),
('THRUDAY','13'),
('THRUYEAR','2013'),
('DATASOURCE' , 'FILE)')
]
values = urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(params)
>>ValueError: too many values to unpack