我有一串相互调用并引用工作簿 A 和 B 的宏。我希望第一个宏提示用户选择文档 A 和 B,这些选择成为我在各种宏。
如何使所选文档成为所有宏中的引用变量?
提前致谢!
在子例程之外声明它们,如下所示:
Public wbA as Workbook
Public wbB as Workbook
Sub MySubRoutine()
Set wbA = Workbooks.Open("C:\file.xlsx")
Set wbB = Workbooks.Open("C:\file2.xlsx")
OtherSubRoutine
End Sub
Sub OtherSubRoutine()
MsgBox wbA.Name, vbInformation
End Sub
或者,您可以在子例程之间传递变量:
Sub MySubRoutine()
Dim wbA as Workbook
Dim wbB as Workbook
Set wbA = Workbooks.Open("C:\file.xlsx")
Set wbB = Workbooks.Open("C:\file2.xlsx")
OtherSubRoutine wbA, wbB
End Sub
Sub OtherSubRoutine(wb1 as Workbook, wb2 as Workbook)
MsgBox wb1.Name, vbInformation
MsgBox wb2.Name, vbInformation
End Sub
或用于Functions
返回值:
Sub MySubroutine()
Dim i as Long
i = MyFunction()
MsgBox i
End Sub
Function MyFunction()
'Lots of code that does something
Dim x As Integer, y as Double
For x = 1 to 1000
'Lots of code that does something
Next
MyFunction = y
End Function
在第二种方法中,在OtherSubRoutine
您的范围内通过参数名称wb1
和wb2
. 传递的变量不需要使用相同的名称,只需使用相同的变量类型即可。这为您提供了一些自由,例如,您可以在多个工作簿上循环,并且您可以将每个工作簿发送到子例程以对该工作簿执行某些操作,而无需将所有(或任何)变量公开在范围内。
关于用户表单的说明
就个人而言,我建议保留 Option Explicit
所有模块和表单(这可以防止您实例化名称中包含拼写错误的变量,例如lCoutn
您的意思lCount
等,以及其他原因)。
如果您正在使用Option Explicit
(您应该使用),那么您应该限定模块范围的变量的样式并避免歧义,并且您必须限定用户表单Public
范围的变量,因为这些在同一意义上不是“公共”的。例如,i
是未定义的,尽管它Public
在以下范围内UserForm1
:
您可以引用它UserForm1.i
以避免编译错误,或者由于表单是New
-able,您可以创建一个变量对象来包含对您的表单的引用,并以这种方式引用它:
注意:在上面的截图中是在另一个标准x
代码模块中声明的,不会引发编译错误。如果您重复使用变量名,最好参考这个以避免歧义和可能的阴影......Public x as Long
Module2.x
您可以考虑使用模块级别范围声明变量。模块级变量可用于该模块中的所有过程,但不可用于其他模块中的过程
有关详细信息,Scope of variables
请参阅此链接
请将以下代码复制到任何模块中,保存工作簿,然后运行代码。
这是代码的作用
示例子例程设置文件夹路径和稍后的文件路径。请在运行代码之前相应地设置它们。
我添加了一个函数 IsWorkBookOpen 来检查工作簿是否已经存在,然后将工作簿变量设置为工作簿名称,否则打开将相应地分配给工作簿变量的工作簿。
Dim wbA As Workbook
Dim wbB As Workbook
Sub MySubRoutine()
Dim folderPath As String, fileNm1 As String, fileNm2 As String, filePath1 As String, filePath2 As String
folderPath = ThisWorkbook.Path & "\"
fileNm1 = "file1.xlsx"
fileNm2 = "file2.xlsx"
filePath1 = folderPath & fileNm1
filePath2 = folderPath & fileNm2
If IsWorkBookOpen(filePath1) Then
Set wbA = Workbooks(fileNm1)
Else
Set wbA = Workbooks.Open(filePath1)
End If
If IsWorkBookOpen(filePath2) Then
Set wbB = Workbooks.Open(fileNm2)
Else
Set wbB = Workbooks.Open(filePath2)
End If
' your code here
End Sub
Function IsWorkBookOpen(FileName As String)
Dim ff As Long, ErrNo As Long
On Error Resume Next
ff = FreeFile()
Open FileName For Input Lock Read As #ff
Close ff
ErrNo = Err
On Error GoTo 0
Select Case ErrNo
Case 0: IsWorkBookOpen = False
Case 70: IsWorkBookOpen = True
Case Else: Error ErrNo
End Select
End Function
使用提示选择文件使用下面的代码。
Dim wbA As Workbook
Dim wbB As Workbook
Sub MySubRoutine()
Dim folderPath As String, fileNm1 As String, fileNm2 As String, filePath1 As String, filePath2 As String
Dim filePath As String
cmdBrowse_Click filePath, 1
filePath1 = filePath
'reset the variable
filePath = vbNullString
cmdBrowse_Click filePath, 2
filePath2 = filePath
fileNm1 = GetFileName(filePath1, "\")
fileNm2 = GetFileName(filePath2, "\")
If IsWorkBookOpen(filePath1) Then
Set wbA = Workbooks(fileNm1)
Else
Set wbA = Workbooks.Open(filePath1)
End If
If IsWorkBookOpen(filePath2) Then
Set wbB = Workbooks.Open(fileNm2)
Else
Set wbB = Workbooks.Open(filePath2)
End If
' your code here
End Sub
Function IsWorkBookOpen(FileName As String)
Dim ff As Long, ErrNo As Long
On Error Resume Next
ff = FreeFile()
Open FileName For Input Lock Read As #ff
Close ff
ErrNo = Err
On Error GoTo 0
Select Case ErrNo
Case 0: IsWorkBookOpen = False
Case 70: IsWorkBookOpen = True
Case Else: Error ErrNo
End Select
End Function
Private Sub cmdBrowse_Click(ByRef filePath As String, num As Integer)
Dim fd As FileDialog
Set fd = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFilePicker)
fd.AllowMultiSelect = False
fd.Title = "Select workbook " & num
fd.InitialView = msoFileDialogViewSmallIcons
Dim FileChosen As Integer
FileChosen = fd.Show
fd.Filters.Clear
fd.Filters.Add "Excel macros", "*.xlsx"
fd.FilterIndex = 1
If FileChosen <> -1 Then
MsgBox "You chose cancel"
filePath = ""
Else
filePath = fd.SelectedItems(1)
End If
End Sub
Function GetFileName(fullName As String, pathSeparator As String) As String
Dim i As Integer
Dim iFNLenght As Integer
iFNLenght = Len(fullName)
For i = iFNLenght To 1 Step -1
If Mid(fullName, i, 1) = pathSeparator Then Exit For
Next
GetFileName = Right(fullName, iFNLenght - i)
End Function
创建一个“模块”对象并在其中声明变量。与每次都必须实例化的类对象不同,模块对象始终可用。因此,“模块”中的公共变量、函数或属性将可用于 VBA 项目、宏、Excel 公式甚至 MS Access JET-SQL 查询定义中的所有其他对象。