The answer is Yes. I was searching for the same answers, and found this resource very helpful, using MVC4, with detailed explanations:
Single Page App using MVC and Kendo Mobile
When searching for references and tutorials, what is not immediately clear is that Kendo UI Mobile is a different setup from Kendo UI. As WhizKid points out it is a single page application, and all your data must go through AJAX.
If you have not used them before, you will probably need to learn Kendo's MVVM and datasources. You must decide what sort of interface you will use for data exchange (eg. WebApi, OData) and fix the routing.
The reason I am going this way is because Kendo comes with good looks, and MVC can help me with localization.