54

我有一个 Spring 3.2 MVC 应用程序，并且正在使用 Spring MVC 测试框架来测试我的控制器操作的 GET 和 POST 请求。我正在使用 Mockito 来模拟服务，但发现模拟被忽略了，并且正在使用我的实际服务层（因此，数据库被命中）。

我的控制器测试中的代码：

package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml", "classpath:/tests_persistence-applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService service;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // Post no parameters in this request to force errors
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
            .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        // Mock the service method to force a known response
        when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

你会注意到我有两个上下文配置文件；这是一个 hack，因为如果我无法阻止控制器测试到达实际的服务层，那么该服务层可能会将其存储库指向测试数据库。我还没有到无法再摆脱这种黑客攻击并且需要能够正确模拟我的服务层的地步。

为什么when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());没有在 PolicyService 中启动和模拟 save 方法？我在某处错过了一些模拟配置吗？我需要在 Spring 配置中添加什么吗？到目前为止，我的研究仅限于谷歌搜索“spring mvc test mockito not working”，但这并没有给我太多的继续。

谢谢。

更新 1

你是对的@tom-verelst，我指的PolicyService service;是我的测试中的那一行，所以里面的服务MockMvc当然是由 Spring 注入的。

我做了一些研究，发现一篇博客文章很好地解释了@InjectMocks它的用途。

然后我尝试使用注释private MockMvc mockMvc，@InjectMocks但仍然遇到同样的问题（即，里面的服务没有像我预期的那样MockMvc被嘲笑）。我在调试过程中调用了 save 方法时添加了堆栈跟踪（与模拟服务中对 save 方法的期望调用相反）。PolicyServiceImpl

Thread [main] (Suspended (breakpoint at line 29 in DomainEntityServiceImpl) PolicyServiceImpl(DomainEntityServiceImpl<T>).save(T) line: 29

NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 317
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint() line: 183  
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 150  
TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation() line: 96
TransactionInterceptor(TransactionAspectSupport).invokeWithinTransaction(Method, Class, TransactionAspectSupport$InvocationCallback) line: 260  
TransactionInterceptor.invoke(MethodInvocation) line: 94
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 172  
JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 204
$Proxy44.save(DomainEntity) line: not available 
PolicyController.createOrUpdate(Policy, BindingResult) line: 64
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invoke(Object...) line: 219
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 132    
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 104    
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 746   
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 687   
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter).handle(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, Object) line: 80 
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doDispatch(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 925  
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doService(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 856   
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).processRequest(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 915   
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).doPost(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 822
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 727
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 796
TestDispatcherServlet.service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 66
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 820
MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) line: 168
MockFilterChain.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 136
MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder) line: 134   
PolicyControllerTest.createOrUpdateSuccessful() line: 67
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall() line: 44  
FrameworkMethod$1(ReflectiveCallable).run() line: 15    
FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(Object, Object...) line: 41
InvokeMethod.evaluate() line: 20    
RunBefores.evaluate() line: 28  
RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 74    
RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 83 
SpringRepeat.evaluate() line: 72    
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(FrameworkMethod, RunNotifier) line: 231
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Object, RunNotifier) line: 88
ParentRunner$3.run() line: 193  
ParentRunner$1.schedule(Runnable) line: 52  
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).runChildren(RunNotifier) line: 191
ParentRunner<T>.access$000(ParentRunner, RunNotifier) line: 42
ParentRunner$2.evaluate() line: 184 
RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 61 
RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 71  
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).run(RunNotifier) line: 236
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(RunNotifier) line: 174  
JUnit4TestMethodReference(JUnit4TestReference).run(TestExecution) line: 50
TestExecution.run(ITestReference[]) line: 38    
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(String[], String, TestExecution) line: 467
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(TestExecution) line: 683  
RemoteTestRunner.run() line: 390    
RemoteTestRunner.main(String[]) line: 197

更多研究（Mockito Injecting Null values into a Spring bean when using @Mock?）@InjectMocks建议将PolicyController对此一无所知。

4

7 回答 7

96

感谢@J Andy 的思路，我意识到我在这方面走错了路。在更新 1 中，我试图将模拟服务注入到，MockMvc但后退一步后，我意识到这不是MockMvc正在测试的，而是PolicyController我想要测试的。

为了提供一些背景知识，我想避免在我的 Spring MVC 应用程序中对 @Controllers 进行传统的单元测试，因为我想测试仅通过在 Spring 本身中运行控制器提供的东西（例如，对控制器操作的 RESTful 调用）。这可以通过使用Spring MVC 测试框架来实现，该框架允许您在 Spring 中运行测试。

您将从我最初的问题中的代码中看到，我在WebApplicationContext (ie this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); ) 中运行 Spring MVC 测试，而我应该做的是独立运行。独立运行允许我直接注入我想要测试的控制器，因此可以控制如何将服务注入控制器（即强制使用模拟服务）。

这在代码中更容易解释。所以对于以下控制器：

import javax.validation.Valid;

import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Benefit;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.DomainEntityService;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/policies")
public class PolicyController extends DomainEntityController<Policy> {

    @Autowired
    private PolicyService service;

    @RequestMapping(value = "persist", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String createOrUpdate(@Valid @ModelAttribute("policy") Policy policy, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "createOrUpdatePolicyForm";
        }
        service.save(policy);
        return "redirect:list";
    }
}

我现在有以下测试类，其中成功模拟了服务并且我的测试数据库不再被命中：

package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService policyService;

    @InjectMocks
    PolicyController controllerUnderTest;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed
        // and for the mock service to be injected into the controller under
        // test.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controllerUnderTest).build();

    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // POST no data to the form (i.e. an invalid POST)
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
        .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        when(policyService.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

关于 Spring，我仍然在学习很多东西，因此欢迎任何可以改进我的解释的评论。这篇博文对我提出这个解决方案很有帮助。

于 2013-04-25T05:33:12.930 回答
13

我更喜欢 Mockmvc 的独立服务

提到我的工作

public class AccessControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private AccessControlService accessControlService;

    @InjectMocks
    private AccessController accessController;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc =  MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(accessController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void validAccessControlRequest() throws Exception {
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.setAuthorized(false);
        Mockito.when(accessControlService.retrievePatient(any(String.class)))
         .thenReturn(bundle);

        mockMvc.perform(get("/access/user?user=3")).andExpect(status().isOk());
}
于 2015-10-22T06:41:53.317 回答
8

这部分，11.3.6 Spring MVC 测试框架，在 Spring 文档11 中。测试谈到它，但不知何故不清楚。

让我们继续文档中的示例进行解释。示例测试类如下所示

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration("test-servlet-context.xml")
public class AccountTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    // ...

}

假设您有 org.example.AppController 作为控制器。在 test-servlet-context.xml 中，您需要拥有

<bean class="org.example.AppController">
    <property name="accountService" ref="accountService" />
</bean>

<bean id="accountService" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
    <constructor-arg value="org.example.AccountService"/>
</bean>

该文档缺少控制器的接线部分。如果您使用字段注入，则需要更改 accountService 的 setter 注入。另外，请注意，constructor-arg 的值（此处为 org.example.AccountService）是一个接口，而不是一个类。

在 AccountTests 的设置方法中，您将拥有

@Before
public void setup() {
    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

    // You may stub with return values here
    when(accountService.findById(1)).thenReturn(...);
}

测试方法可能看起来像

@Test
public void testAccountId(){
    this.mockMvc.perform(...)
    .andDo(print())
    .andExpect(...);  
}

andDo(print()) 很方便，做“import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;”。

于 2013-08-06T17:27:58.303 回答
5

如果在 SpringBoot 上使用 Springs 自己的@MockBean。- 正如码头所说：

在上下文中定义的任何现有的相同类型的单个 bean 都将被模拟替换。如果没有定义现有的 bean，将添加一个新的。

 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 public class ExampleTests {

     @MockBean
     private ExampleService service;
于 2020-04-01T08:50:37.120 回答
3

这可能是 Spring 和 Mockito 都尝试注入 bean 的问题。我能想到的避免这些问题的一种方法是使用 Spring ReflectionTestUtils手动注入服务模拟。

在这种情况下，您的setup()方法看起来像这样

@Before
public void setup() {
    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

    // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed.
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

    // TODO: Make sure to set the field name in UUT correctly
    ReflectionTestUtils.setField( mockMvc, "service", service );
}

PS 您的命名约定有点偏离恕我直言，我假设 mockMvc 是您要测试的类（UUT）。我会改用以下名称

@Mock PolicyService mockPolicyService;
@InjectMocks Mvc mvc;
于 2013-04-24T15:46:49.690 回答
3

使用@WebMvcTest 的最新春季版本还有另一种解决方案。下面的例子。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(CategoryAPI.class)
public class CategoryAPITest {

@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;

@MockBean
CategoryAPIService categoryAPIService;

@SpyBean
Utility utility;

PcmResponseBean responseBean;

@Before
public void before() {
    PcmResponseBean responseBean = new PcmResponseBean("123", "200", null, null);
    BDDMockito.given(categoryAPIService.saveCategory(anyString())).willReturn(responseBean);
}

@Test
public void saveCategoryTest() throws Exception {
    String category = "{}";
    mvc.perform(post("/api/category/").content(category).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(jsonPath("messageId", Matchers.is("123")))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("status", Matchers.is("200")));
  }

}

这里我们只加载 CategoryAPI 类，它是一个 Spring REST 控制器类，其余都是模拟的。Spring 有自己的注解版本，例如 @MockBean 和 @SpyBean，类似于 mockito @Mock 和 @Spy。

于 2019-08-24T14:22:02.883 回答
2

你正在为 创造一个模拟，但据我所知PolicyService，你并没有将它注入你的。MockMvc这意味着PolicyService将调用 Spring 配置中定义的而不是模拟。

通过设置将模拟注入PolicyService到您的模拟中MockMvc，或者查看Springockito以注入模拟。

于 2013-04-23T13:42:16.293 回答