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下面是我用 C 语言编写的电话簿程序的代码。我在修改它时遇到了麻烦。我需要对其进行修改，以便在向电话簿添加条目后，将内容写入 .txt 文件。删除条目后，我需要将内容写入同一个 .txt 文件并打印全部内容。我应该使用 fopen () 函数吗？我是初学者...

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Phonebook_Contacts
   {
      char FirstName[20]; 
      char LastName[20];
      char PhoneNumber[20]; 
   } phone; 


void AddEntry(phone * ); 
void DeleteEntry(phone * ); 
void PrintEntry(phone * );
void SearchForNumber(phone * ); 
void RandomName(phone * ); 
void DeleteAll(phone * ); 
void FreeContacts (phone * ); 


int counter = 0; 
char FileName[256]; 
FILE *pRead; 
FILE *pWrite; 


int main (void)
   {      
      phone *phonebook; 
      phonebook = (phone*) malloc(sizeof(phone)*100); 
      int iSelection = 0; 


         if (phonebook == NULL)
         {

         printf("Out of Memory. The program will now exit");
         return 1;
         }
         else {} 

      do
      {
         printf("\n\t\t\tPhonebook Menu");
         printf("\n\n\t(1)\tAdd Friend");
         printf("\n\t(2)\tDelete Friend");
         printf("\n\t(3)\tDisplay Phonebook Entries");
         printf("\n\t(4)\tSearch for Phone Number");
         printf("\n\t(5)\tFind a Random Friend");
         printf("\n\t(6)\tDelete All Entries");
         printf("\n\t(7)\tExit Phonebook");
         printf("\n\nWhat would you like to do? ");
         scanf("%d", &iSelection);  


         if (iSelection == 1)
         {
            AddEntry(phonebook); 
         } 



         if (iSelection == 2)
         {
            DeleteEntry(phonebook); 
         } 


         if (iSelection == 3)
         {
            PrintEntry(phonebook); 
         } 



         if (iSelection == 4)
         {
            SearchForNumber(phonebook);         
         } 


         if (iSelection == 5)
         {
            RandomName(phonebook);         
         } 


         if (iSelection == 6)
         {
            DeleteAll(phonebook); 
         } 


         if (iSelection == 7)
         {
            printf("\nYou have chosen to exit the Phonebook.\n");
            system("pause");
            FreeContacts(phonebook);
            return 0;
         } 
      } while (iSelection <= 9); 
   } 


void AddEntry (phone * phonebook)
{  
   pWrite = fopen("phonebook_contacts.dat", "a");
   if ( pWrite == NULL )
   {
      perror("The following error occurred ");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 
   }
      else
      {
         counter++; 
         realloc(phonebook, sizeof(phone)); 

         printf("\nFirst Name: ");
         scanf("%s", phonebook[counter-1].FirstName);
         printf("Last Name: ");
         scanf("%s", phonebook[counter-1].LastName);
         printf("Phone Number (XXX-XXX-XXXX): "); 
         scanf("%s", phonebook[counter-1].PhoneNumber);
         printf("\n\tFriend successfully added to Phonebook\n"); 

         fprintf(pWrite, "%s\t%s\t%s\n", phonebook[counter-1].FirstName, phonebook[counter-1].LastName, phonebook[counter-1].PhoneNumber);
         fclose(pWrite); 
      } 
} 

void DeleteEntry (phone * phonebook)
{
   int x = 0;
   int i = 0;
   char deleteFirstName[20];  // 
   char deleteLastName[20];  

      printf("\nFirst name: ");
      scanf("%s", deleteFirstName);
      printf("Last name: ");
      scanf("%s", deleteLastName);

      for (x = 0; x < counter; x++)
      {
         if (strcmp(deleteFirstName, phonebook[x].FirstName) == 0) 
         {
            if (strcmp(deleteLastName, phonebook[x].LastName) == 0) 
            {
                for ( i = x; i < counter - 1; i++ )
               {
                  strcpy(phonebook[i].FirstName, phonebook[i+1].FirstName); 
                  strcpy(phonebook[i].LastName, phonebook[i+1].LastName); 
                  strcpy(phonebook[i].PhoneNumber, phonebook[i+1].PhoneNumber); 
               } 
               printf("Record deleted from the phonebook.\n\n");
               --counter; 
               return;
            } 
         } 
      }    

   printf("That contact was not found, please try again.");
}

void PrintEntry (phone * phonebook)
{
   int x = 0;

   printf("\nPhonebook Entries:\n\n ");
   pRead = fopen("phonebook_contacts.dat", "r");
   if ( pRead == NULL)
   {
      perror("The following error occurred: ");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
   else
   {
      for( x = 0; x < counter; x++) 
      {
         printf("\n(%d)\n", x+1); 
         printf("Name: %s %s\n", phonebook[x].FirstName, phonebook[x].LastName); 
         printf("Number: %s\n", phonebook[x].PhoneNumber); 
      } 
   } 
   fclose(pRead);
} 


void SortByFirstName (phone * phonebook)
{
   int i = 0;
   int x = 0;
   int swap;
   int TempCounter = counter;
   phone Temp; 

   do
   {
      swap = 0;
      for(i = 1; i < TempCounter; i++)
      {

         if(strcmp(phonebook[i-1].FirstName, phonebook[i].FirstName) > 0)
         {
            Temp = phonebook[i]; 
            phonebook[i] = phonebook[i-1]; 
            phonebook[i-1] = Temp; 

            strcpy(Temp.FirstName, phonebook[i].FirstName);
            strcpy(Temp.LastName, phonebook[i].LastName);
            strcpy(Temp.PhoneNumber, phonebook[i].PhoneNumber);

            swap = 1;
         }
      } 
      TempCounter--;
   } while (swap); 

   printf("\nYour friends in Alphabetical Order by First Name:\n\n");
   for( x = 0; x < counter; x++ )
   {
      printf("\n(%d)\n", x+1); 
      printf("Name: %s %s\n", phonebook[x].FirstName, phonebook[x].LastName); 
      printf("Number: %s\n", phonebook[x].PhoneNumber); 
   }   
} 


void SortByLastName (phone * phonebook)
   {
   int i = 0;
   int x = 0;
   int swap;
   int TempCounter = counter;
   phone Temp; 

   do
   {
      swap = 0;
      for(i = 1; i < TempCounter; i++)
      {

         if(strcmp(phonebook[i-1].LastName, phonebook[i].LastName) > 0)
         {
            Temp = phonebook[i]; 
            phonebook[i] = phonebook[i-1]; 
            phonebook[i-1] = Temp;

            strcpy(Temp.FirstName, phonebook[i].FirstName);
            strcpy(Temp.LastName, phonebook[i].LastName);
            strcpy(Temp.PhoneNumber, phonebook[i].PhoneNumber);

            swap = 1;
         } 
      } 
      TempCounter--;
   } while (swap); 

   printf("\nYour friends in Alphabetical Order by First Name:\n\n");
   for( x = 0; x < counter; x++ )
   {
      printf("\n(%d)\n", x+1); 
      printf("Name: %s %s\n", phonebook[x].FirstName, phonebook[x].LastName); 
      printf("Number: %s\n", phonebook[x].PhoneNumber); 
   }                 
} 


void SearchForNumber (phone * phonebook)
{
   int x = 0;
   char TempFirstName[20]; 
   char TempLastName[20]; 

   printf("\nPlease type the name of the friend you wish to find a number for.");
   printf("\n\nFirst Name: ");
   scanf("%s", TempFirstName);
   printf("Last Name: ");
   scanf("%s", TempLastName);
   for (x = 0; x < counter; x++)
   {
      if (strcmp(TempFirstName, phonebook[x].FirstName) == 0) 
      {
         if (strcmp(TempLastName, phonebook[x].LastName) == 0) 
         {

            printf("\n%s %s's phone number is %s\n", phonebook[x].FirstName, phonebook[x].LastName, phonebook[x].PhoneNumber);
         } 
      } 
   }     
} 


void RandomName (phone * phonebook)
{
   int iRandom = 0;
   srand(time(NULL));
   iRandom = rand() % counter;  
   int x = iRandom; 

   printf("\nYour random friend is: %s %s\n", phonebook[x].FirstName, phonebook[x].LastName);
   printf("Their phone number is: %s\n", phonebook[x].PhoneNumber);
}    


void DeleteAll (phone * phonebook)
{
   int x = 0;
   char nullStr[20] = {'\0'}; 

   for ( x = 0; x < counter; x++ )
   {
      strcpy(phonebook[x].FirstName, nullStr); 
      strcpy(phonebook[x].LastName, nullStr); 
      strcpy(phonebook[x].PhoneNumber, nullStr); 
      --counter; 
   }   

   printf("All Contacts have been deleted.\n");     
} 
void FreeContacts (phone * phonebook)
{
     --counter;
     for ( ; counter > 0; --counter)
     {
        free(phonebook[counter].FirstName); 
        free(phonebook[counter].LastName); 
        free(phonebook[counter].PhoneNumber); 
        free(phonebook); 
        counter = 0; 
        return; 
     }
}
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2 回答 2

1

您确定要执行“realloc(phonebook, sizeof(phone));”吗？在您的 AddEntry() 函数中？这几乎肯定不是你认为的那样。

于 2013-04-23T03:28:46.257 回答
0

您需要的几乎所有代码都已在此程序中。我建议您从查找教程或阅读书籍的文件 I/O 章节开始。另一个资源是 C 函数的手册页。如果您使用的是 *NIX 系统，您可以输入man fopen或输入 Google 以在 Windows 系统上获得相同的结果。

这是fopen(). 如您所见，有两个参数，您要打开的文件的名称和模式。

显然，有一些选项可以打开一个文件以便在那里写入以及附加一个已经存在的文件。

您提到了写入 .txt 文件的要求，在您的代码中您正在打开一个 .dat 文件phonebook_contacts.dat，这是您在谈论的文件吗？

最简单的选择之一是将整个文件读入内存，然后将其更改并写回文件（覆盖现有文件），但这不是有效的，因为您必须遍历每个现有元素并复制它们进入你phonebook的变量。您可能需要与您的讲师核实，看看这是否是一个可接受的解决方案。就像是：

 while( more to read){
    read fname line
    strcpy(phonebook[i].first_name, fname)
    read lname line
    strcpy(phonebook[i].last_name, fname)
    read num line
    strcpy(phonebook[i].number, num)
    increment i
 }
于 2013-04-23T01:59:21.617 回答