1

首先参考 Stack Overflow 问题Using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel。

数据结构如下所示：

      col1      col2    col3   col4   col5
row1  School    1
row2  Dean      John
row3  No.stu.   55
row4  some irrelevant stuff
row5  School2   2
row6  Dean      Tony
row7  No. stu.  60
row8  some irrelevant stuff
row9  School    3
row10 Dean      James
row11 No.stu.   56
row12 No. teacher 20
row13 School    4
row14 Dean      Tom
row15 No.stu.   79
row16 No. teacher 21
row17 course
row18           math    2
row19           eng     4
row20 teacher   name    age   gender   race
row21           Jane    20    female   white
row22 student   name    Lee
row23           SAT     1434
row24           gender  male

我想要实现的输出是：

      col1  col2  col3     col4          col5         col6          col7        col8       col9
row1 School Dean No.stu.  No. teacher  course_math  course_eng  teacher_name  teacher_age  teacher_gender    teacher_race    student_name   student_SAT   student_gender
row2 1      John  55
row3 2      Tony  60
row4 3      James 56       20
row5 4      Tome  79       21              2           4            Jane        20          female                white         Lee         1434          male

多亏了gangabas，我得到的代码是：

use strict;
use warnings;

use Spreadsheet::ParseExcel;
use FindBin qw($Bin);

my ($infile) = @ARGV;

my $parser   = Spreadsheet::ParseExcel->new();
my $workbook = $parser->parse("$Bin/Test.xls");
die $parser->error unless defined $workbook;
my ($worksheet) = $workbook->worksheets();

my %data;
my $row    = 0;
my $school = "";
while (1) {
    my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell($row, 0);
    last unless defined($cell);

    my $key = $cell->value();
    my $value = $worksheet->get_cell($row++, 1)->value();

    if ($key eq "School") {

        $school = $value;
        next;
    }

    $data{$school}->{$key} = $value;
}
sleep 1;

我从解析row17-row19开始。我遇到的第一个问题是 (row17, col3) 中的空单元格。代码到达这里时出错。知道 Excel 单元格区分“空”和“空白”，我可以通过将原始 XLS 文件的单元格格式设置为“常规”以外的其他格式来玩弄它。但是，这只是一个临时解决方案。我想知道是否有任何命令可以用来获取空单元格。我已经尝试unformatted()添加：

my $unformattedvalue = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 1 )->unformatted();

然而，它行不通。

然后我尝试使用以下代码指定“课程”状态下的数据结构：

my %data;
my $row    = 0;
my $school = "";
my $course = ""; #Initial value for the state of course
while (1) {
    my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell($row, 0);
    last unless defined($cell);

    my $key = $cell->value();
    my $value  = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 1 )->value();
    my $value1 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 2 )->value(); #Fetching the value in column 3

    if ($key eq "School") {

        $school = $value;
        next;
    }

    if ($key eq "course") { #Just mimicking the how we construct the structure of 'School'

         $course = $value1;
         next;
    }

    $data{$school}->{$key} = $value;  #Must be something wrong here, but can not figure out
}

代码没有通过并给出Can't call method "value" on an undefined value at xxx line of 'my $value1 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 2 )->value()';

简而言之，我的问题是：

  1. 一般来说，如何在不干预过程的情况下获取 XLS 中的空单元格？

  2. 如何使用 Spreadsheet::ParseExcel 解析如下结构

    row17 course
row18           math    2
row19           eng     4
4

2 回答 2

2

你正在做一个$row++你不应该做的事情。

试试这个代码作为你的起点：

my %data;
my $state = "";
my $school = "";
my $student = "";
my ( $row_min, $row_max ) = $worksheet->row_range();
my $row = $row_min;
while ($row <= $row_max) {
    my $cell0 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 0 );
    my $cell1 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 1 );

    if (defined($cell0)) {
        my $key = $cell0->value();
        if ($key eq 'School') {
            $state = 'school';
            $school = $cell1->value();
        } elsif ($key eq 'course') {
            $state = 'course';
        } elsif ($key eq 'teacher') {
            $state = 'teacher';
        } elsif ($key eq 'student') {
            $state = 'student');
            $student = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 2 )->value();
        } else {
            $data{$school}{$key} = $cell1->value();
        }
    } elsif ($state eq 'course') {
        # process columns for course
    } elsif ($state eq 'teacher') {
        # process columns for teacher
    } elsif ($state eq 'student') {
        # process columns for student
    }
    $row++;
}
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper(\%data);

更新：

要处理教师行，我将首先在第一个 while 循环之外声明一个 %teacher_columns 散列，并使用 col_range() 方法声明 $col_min 和 $col_max。然后在$key eq 'teacher'elsif 子句中，我会做这样的事情：

%teacher_columns = (); # clear it out in case column names are different for this school
for my $col (2 .. $col_max) {
    my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, $col );
    $teacher_columns{$cell->value()} = $col if defined($cell) and $cell->value();
}

然后在state eq 'teacher'elsif 子句中，我会做这样的事情：

foreach my $key (keys %teacher_columns) {
    my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell($row, $teacher_columns{$key});
    if (defined($cell)) {
      # store cell data into proper location of your data hash
    }
}
于 2013-04-09T16:49:09.267 回答
0

这是我的作业：

我只是添加列的过程。

elsif ($state eq 'student') {
        my $key = $cell1->value();
        $data{$school}{$student}{$key} =$cell2->value();
}  elsif ($state eq 'course') {
       my $key = $cell1->value();
        $data{$school}{$course}{$key} =$cell2->value();

其中$cell2定义为：

my $cell2 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 2 );

它给了我：

$VAR1 = {
          '4' => {
                   'course' => {
                                 'math' => '2',
                                 'eng' => '4'
                               },
                   'No.Stu' => '79',
                   'No.Teacher' => '21',
                   'Lee' => {
                              'SAT' => '1434',
                              'gender' => 'male'
                            },
                   'Dean' => 'Tom'
                 },
          '1' => {
                   'No.Stu' => '55',
                   'Dean' => 'John'
                 },
          '3' => {
                   'No.Stu' => '56',
                   'No.Teacher' => '20',
                   'Dean' => 'James'
                 },
          '2' => {
                   'No.Stu' => '60',
                   'Dean' => 'Tony'
                 }
        };

看起来不错。

但我不知道如何处理教师的专栏，因为它有一些不同的结构：

        col1      col2    col3   col4   col5
  row20 teacher   name    age   gender   race
  rwo21           Jane    20    female   white

我试图遍历列以获取单元格值作为键但没有成功：

my ( $col_min, $col_max ) = $worksheet->col_range();
my $col = $col_min;
my $cell3 = $worksheet->get_cell(++$row, $col );

elsif ($state eq 'teacher') {
        while ($col <= $col_max) {
            my $key = $worksheet->get_cell($row, $col++ );
        }
           $data{$school}{$teacher}{$key} =$cell3->value();
    }

有什么建议么？

更新：我遵循@imran 的建议，它工作得很好，然后我只是使用以下代码将我解析的内容重写为一个新的 XLS 文件：

use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;

$workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('Result.xls');
$worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

$col = 0;
$row = 0;

$worksheet->write( $row++, $col,
    ["School", "No.Stu", "No.Teacher", "Dean","Course_math", "Course_eng", "student_SAT", "student_name", "student_gender", "teacher_race", "teacher_name", "teacher_age", "teacher_gender"] );

foreach my $school( sort keys %data ) {

     $worksheet->write( $row++, $col,
        [ $school, @{$data{$school}}{ "No.Stu", "No.Teacher", "Dean"}, @{$data{$school}{course}}{ "math", "eng"}, @{$data{$school}{student}}{ "SAT", "name", "gender"}, @{$data{$school}{teacher}}{ "race", "name", "age", "gender"} ]) ;
}

$workbook->close();

除了一件小事，一切都很好。的单元格teacher_age是空的，但它在哈希表中显示它已经被解析。我想不通...

散列的教师部分如下：

           'teacher' => {
                          'race' => 'white',
                          'name' => 'Jane',
                          'age ' => '25',
                          'gender' => ' female'
                        },

我使用的代码正是您建议的，但是重新格式化 xls 中的“teacher_age”单元格。文件为空。

更新 2：回到关于“状态”的问题，它是否总是从后续行开始解析？如果我有以下数据结构怎么办：

 School    1
 course    math
           eng
 ...
 School     2
 course    phy
 ...
 School     3
 course    chem
           gym
           music

如果我使用旧代码并定义课程状态，我只能解析engfrom school 1，gym and musiccourse from school 2。好吧，我正在考虑提前一排定义课程状态，但没有得到任何运气。有什么建议么？

更新：

我遵循@imran 的建议，将课程代码更改为：

} elsif ($key eq 'course') {
            $state = 'course';
            $course = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 1 )->value();
}

相应的哈希表为：

} elsif ($state eq 'course') {
            my $key = $cell1->value();
            $data{$school}{$course}{$key} =$cell1->value();
}

但是，它只能解析

 '1' => {
                   'math' => {
                               'eng' => 'eng'
                             },
       }
 '3' => {
   'chem' => {
                               'gym' => 'gym',
                               'music' => 'music
                             },
      }

并且没有解析school2.

该问题已通过course在到达密钥后立即使用简单的继续来解决。即，而不是有单独的块来定义course keys和处理课程表。我现在有：

  } elsif ($key eq 'course') {
            $state = 'course';
            $course = $state;
            my $key = $cell1->value();
            $data{$school}{$course}{$key} = $key;
}

它做到了这一点。但我仍然很好奇它是如何工作的。

于 2013-04-10T10:44:12.573 回答