有condition_variable
从cppreference.com获取的使用示例:
#include <condition_variable>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <chrono>
int main()
{
std::queue<int> produced_nums;
std::mutex m;
std::condition_variable cond_var;
bool done = false;
bool notified = false;
std::thread producer([&]() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
std::cout << "producing " << i << '\n';
produced_nums.push(i);
notified = true;
cond_var.notify_one();
}
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
notified = true;
done = true;
cond_var.notify_one();
});
std::thread consumer([&]() {
while (!done) {
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m);
while (!notified) { // loop to avoid spurious wakeups
cond_var.wait(lock);
}
while (!produced_nums.empty()) {
std::cout << "consuming " << produced_nums.front() << '\n';
produced_nums.pop();
}
notified = false;
}
});
producer.join();
consumer.join();
}
如果变量在消费者线程启动之前done
出现true
,消费者线程将不会收到任何消息。确实,sleep_for(seconds(1))
几乎可以避免这种情况,但是理论上是否可行(或者如果sleep
代码中没有)?
在我看来,正确的版本应该像这样强制运行消费者循环至少一次:
std::thread consumer([&]() {
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m);
do {
while (!notified || !done) { // loop to avoid spurious wakeups
cond_var.wait(lock);
}
while (!produced_nums.empty()) {
std::cout << "consuming " << produced_nums.front() << '\n';
produced_nums.pop();
}
notified = false;
} while (!done);
});