python - 在 Python 中使用工程符号（带 SI 前缀）将浮点数转换为字符串

Question

我有一个浮点数，例如x=23392342.1

我想将其转换为带有工程符号的字符串（带有公制前缀）

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_notation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix

所以在我的例子中 23392342.1 = 23.3923421E6 = 23.3923421 M (mega)

我想显示23.3923421 M

Answer 1

这是一个受Formatting a number with a metric prefix 启发的函数？

metric.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import math


def to_si(d, sep=' '):
    """
    Convert number to string with SI prefix

    :Example:

    >>> to_si(2500.0)
    '2.5 k'

    >>> to_si(2.3E6)
    '2.3 M'

    >>> to_si(2.3E-6)
    '2.3 µ'

    >>> to_si(-2500.0)
    '-2.5 k'

    >>> to_si(0)
    '0'

    """

    inc_prefixes = ['k', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y']
    dec_prefixes = ['m', 'µ', 'n', 'p', 'f', 'a', 'z', 'y']

    if d == 0:
        return str(0)

    degree = int(math.floor(math.log10(math.fabs(d)) / 3))

    prefix = ''

    if degree != 0:
        ds = degree / math.fabs(degree)
        if ds == 1:
            if degree - 1 < len(inc_prefixes):
                prefix = inc_prefixes[degree - 1]
            else:
                prefix = inc_prefixes[-1]
                degree = len(inc_prefixes)

        elif ds == -1:
            if -degree - 1 < len(dec_prefixes):
                prefix = dec_prefixes[-degree - 1]
            else:
                prefix = dec_prefixes[-1]
                degree = -len(dec_prefixes)

        scaled = float(d * math.pow(1000, -degree))

        s = "{scaled}{sep}{prefix}".format(scaled=scaled,
                                           sep=sep,
                                           prefix=prefix)

    else:
        s = "{d}".format(d=d)

    return s


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

及其用法：

from metric import to_si
d = 23392342.1
print(to_si(d))

它会显示

23.3923421 M

Answer 2

使用QuantiPhy包。它是一个稳定的、有据可查且支持良好的软件包，旨在满足您的需求。

>>> from quantiphy import Quantity

>>> v = Quantity(23.3923421E6)                                               
>>> str(v)                                                                   
'23.392M'                                                                    

>>> v.render(prec='full')                                                    
'23.3923421M'

通常人们使用SI单位前缀与单位，而数量旨在将单位与数字结合起来。

>>> v = Quantity(23.3923421E6, 'V')
>>> print(v)
23.392 MV

>>> f = Quantity('23.3923421 MHz')
>>> print('{}'.format(f))
23.392 MHz

Quantity 子类浮动，因此您可以像使用浮点数一样在表达式中使用数量：

>>> t = 1/f                                                                  
>>> print(t)                                                                 
4.274903281275114e-08

>>> t = Quantity(t, 's')                                                     
>>> print(t)
42.749 ns

Answer 3

直接的解决方案是使用Decimal.to_eng_string方法，然后进行字典查找以将指数转换为适当的度量前缀。

Answer 4

您可以使用具有附加格式选项的浮点类型的Prefixed 。

>>> from prefixed import Float

>>> x = Float(23392342.1)
>>> print(f'{x:!h}')
23.392342 M

或者如果你想保留 7 个小数位

>>> print(f'{x:!.7h}')
23.3923421 M

Answer 5

这是一个没有依赖关系的简单方法：

def to_units(x_):
    units = {-12: "T",-9: "G",-6: "M",-3: "K",0: "",3: "m",6: "µ",9: "n",12: "p",15: "f"}
    k = -12
    while x_ * 10.0**k < 1: 
        k += 3
    return f"{x_*10.0**k}{units[k]}"

例子：

for i in range(-15,15):
    print(f"{to_units(1*10.0**i)} \t {1*10.0**i:1,.15f}")

1.0f    0.000000000000001
10.0f   0.000000000000010
100.0f  0.000000000000100
1.0p    0.000000000001000
10.0p   0.000000000010000
100.0p  0.000000000100000
1.0n    0.000000001000000
10.0n   0.000000010000000
100.0n  0.000000100000000
1.0µ    0.000001000000000
10.0µ   0.000010000000000
100.0µ  0.000100000000000
1.0m    0.001000000000000
10.0m   0.010000000000000
100.0m  0.100000000000000
1.0     1.000000000000000
10.0    10.000000000000000
100.0   100.000000000000000
1.0K    1,000.000000000000000
10.0K   10,000.000000000000000
100.0K  100,000.000000000000000
1.0M    1,000,000.000000000000000
10.0M   10,000,000.000000000000000
100.0M  100,000,000.000000000000000
1.0G    1,000,000,000.000000000000000
10.0G   10,000,000,000.000000000000000
100.0G  100,000,000,000.000000000000000
1.0T    1,000,000,000,000.000000000000000
10.0T   10,000,000,000,000.000000000000000
100.0T  100,000,000,000,000.000000000000000