如何对基于 ASP.NET MVC 的站点中的某些页面使用 HTTPS?
史蒂夫·桑德森(Steve Sanderson)有一个很好的教程,关于如何在 Preview 4 上以 DRY 的方式做到这一点:
http://blog.codeville.net/2008/08/05/adding-httpsssl-support-to-aspnet-mvc-routing/
Preview 5 有没有更好/更新的方法?
如何对基于 ASP.NET MVC 的站点中的某些页面使用 HTTPS?
史蒂夫·桑德森(Steve Sanderson)有一个很好的教程,关于如何在 Preview 4 上以 DRY 的方式做到这一点:
http://blog.codeville.net/2008/08/05/adding-httpsssl-support-to-aspnet-mvc-routing/
Preview 5 有没有更好/更新的方法?
如果您使用的是ASP.NET MVC 2 Preview 2 或更高版本,您现在可以简单地使用:
[RequireHttps]
public ActionResult Login()
{
return View();
}
不过, order 参数值得注意,如此处所述。
MVCFutures有一个“RequireSSL”属性。
(感谢亚当在您更新的博文中指出这一点)
只需将其应用于您的操作方法,如果您希望 http:// 请求自动变为 https:// ,请使用“Redirect=true”:
[RequireSsl(Redirect = true)]
正如Amadiere 所写,[RequireHttps] 在 MVC 2 中非常适合用于输入HTTPS。但是,如果您只想对某些页面使用 HTTPS,如您所说,MVC 2 不会给您任何帮助 - 一旦将用户切换到 HTTPS,他们就会卡在那里,直到您手动重定向它们。
我使用的方法是使用另一个自定义属性 [ExitHttpsIfNotRequired]。当附加到控制器或操作时,如果出现以下情况,它将重定向到 HTTP:
在这里发布有点太大了,但是您可以在此处查看代码以及一些其他详细信息。
这是 Dan Wahlin 最近发表的一篇文章:
http://weblogs.asp.net/dwahlin/archive/2009/08/25/requiring-ssl-for-asp-net-mvc-controllers.aspx
他使用 ActionFilter 属性。
一些 ActionLink 扩展:http ://www.squaredroot.com/post/2008/06/11/MVC-and-SSL.aspx 或重定向到 https:// http ://forums.asp.net 的控制器操作属性/p/1260198/2358380.aspx#2358380
对于那些不喜欢面向属性的开发方法的人,这里有一段代码可能会有所帮助:
public static readonly string[] SecurePages = new[] { "login", "join" };
protected void Application_AuthorizeRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var pageName = RequestHelper.GetPageNameOrDefault();
if (!HttpContext.Current.Request.IsSecureConnection
&& (HttpContext.Current.Request.IsAuthenticated || SecurePages.Contains(pageName)))
{
Response.Redirect("https://" + Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_HOST"] + HttpContext.Current.Request.RawUrl);
}
if (HttpContext.Current.Request.IsSecureConnection
&& !HttpContext.Current.Request.IsAuthenticated
&& !SecurePages.Contains(pageName))
{
Response.Redirect("http://" + Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_HOST"] + HttpContext.Current.Request.RawUrl);
}
}
避免属性有几个原因,其中之一是如果您想查看所有安全页面的列表,您将不得不跳过解决方案中的所有控制器。
我遇到了这个问题,希望我的解决方案可以帮助某人。
我们遇到了一些问题: - 我们需要保护特定操作,例如“帐户”中的“登录”。我们可以使用 RequireHttps 属性中的构建,这很棒 - 但它会使用 https:// 将我们重定向回来。- 我们应该让我们的链接、表格和此类“SSL 感知”。
通常,我的解决方案除了能够指定协议外,还允许指定将使用绝对 url 的路由。您可以使用此方法来指定“https”协议。
所以,首先我创建了一个 ConnectionProtocol 枚举:
/// <summary>
/// Enum representing the available secure connection requirements
/// </summary>
public enum ConnectionProtocol
{
/// <summary>
/// No secure connection requirement
/// </summary>
Ignore,
/// <summary>
/// No secure connection should be used, use standard http request.
/// </summary>
Http,
/// <summary>
/// The connection should be secured using SSL (https protocol).
/// </summary>
Https
}
现在,我创建了 RequireSsl 的手卷版本。我修改了原始的 RequireSsl 源代码以允许重定向回 http:// url。此外,我还放置了一个字段,允许我们确定是否需要 SSL(我将它与 DEBUG 预处理器一起使用)。
/* Note:
* This is hand-rolled version of the original System.Web.Mvc.RequireHttpsAttribute.
* This version contains three improvements:
* - Allows to redirect back into http:// addresses, based on the <see cref="SecureConnectionRequirement" /> Requirement property.
* - Allows to turn the protocol scheme redirection off based on given condition.
* - Using Request.IsCurrentConnectionSecured() extension method, which contains fix for load-balanced servers.
*/
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)]
public sealed class RequireHttpsAttribute : FilterAttribute, IAuthorizationFilter
{
public RequireHttpsAttribute()
{
Protocol = ConnectionProtocol.Ignore;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the secure connection required protocol scheme level
/// </summary>
public ConnectionProtocol Protocol { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the value that indicates if secure connections are been allowed
/// </summary>
public bool SecureConnectionsAllowed
{
get
{
#if DEBUG
return false;
#else
return true;
#endif
}
}
public void OnAuthorization(System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizationContext filterContext)
{
if (filterContext == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("filterContext");
}
/* Are we allowed to use secure connections? */
if (!SecureConnectionsAllowed)
return;
switch (Protocol)
{
case ConnectionProtocol.Https:
if (!filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsCurrentConnectionSecured())
{
HandleNonHttpsRequest(filterContext);
}
break;
case ConnectionProtocol.Http:
if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsCurrentConnectionSecured())
{
HandleNonHttpRequest(filterContext);
}
break;
}
}
private void HandleNonHttpsRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
{
// only redirect for GET requests, otherwise the browser might not propagate the verb and request
// body correctly.
if (!String.Equals(filterContext.HttpContext.Request.HttpMethod, "GET", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("The requested resource can only be accessed via SSL.");
}
// redirect to HTTPS version of page
string url = "https://" + filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Url.Host + filterContext.HttpContext.Request.RawUrl;
filterContext.Result = new RedirectResult(url);
}
private void HandleNonHttpRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
{
if (!String.Equals(filterContext.HttpContext.Request.HttpMethod, "GET", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("The requested resource can only be accessed without SSL.");
}
// redirect to HTTP version of page
string url = "http://" + filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Url.Host + filterContext.HttpContext.Request.RawUrl;
filterContext.Result = new RedirectResult(url);
}
}
现在,这个 RequireSsl 将根据您的需求属性值执行以下操作: - 忽略:什么都不做。- Http:将强制重定向到 http 协议。- Https:将强制重定向到 https 协议。
您应该创建自己的基本控制器并将此属性设置为 Http。
[RequireSsl(Requirement = ConnectionProtocol.Http)]
public class MyController : Controller
{
public MyController() { }
}
现在,在每个需要 SSL 的 cpntroller/action 中 - 只需使用 ConnectionProtocol.Https 设置此属性。
现在让我们转到 URL:我们在使用 url 路由引擎时遇到了一些问题。您可以在http://blog.stevensanderson.com/2008/08/05/adding-httpsssl-support-to-aspnet-mvc-routing/阅读有关它们的更多信息。这篇文章中建议的解决方案在理论上很好,但是很旧,我不喜欢这种方法。
我的解决方案如下:创建基本“Route”类的子类:
公共类AbsoluteUrlRoute:路线{#region ctor
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the System.Web.Routing.Route class, by using
/// the specified URL pattern and handler class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL pattern for the route.</param>
/// <param name="routeHandler">The object that processes requests for the route.</param>
public AbsoluteUrlRoute(string url, IRouteHandler routeHandler)
: base(url, routeHandler)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the System.Web.Routing.Route class, by using
/// the specified URL pattern and handler class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL pattern for the route.</param>
/// <param name="defaults">The values to use for any parameters that are missing in the URL.</param>
/// <param name="routeHandler">The object that processes requests for the route.</param>
public AbsoluteUrlRoute(string url, RouteValueDictionary defaults, IRouteHandler routeHandler)
: base(url, defaults, routeHandler)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the System.Web.Routing.Route class, by using
/// the specified URL pattern and handler class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL pattern for the route.</param>
/// <param name="defaults">The values to use for any parameters that are missing in the URL.</param>
/// <param name="constraints">A regular expression that specifies valid values for a URL parameter.</param>
/// <param name="routeHandler">The object that processes requests for the route.</param>
public AbsoluteUrlRoute(string url, RouteValueDictionary defaults, RouteValueDictionary constraints,
IRouteHandler routeHandler)
: base(url, defaults, constraints, routeHandler)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the System.Web.Routing.Route class, by using
/// the specified URL pattern and handler class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL pattern for the route.</param>
/// <param name="defaults">The values to use for any parameters that are missing in the URL.</param>
/// <param name="constraints">A regular expression that specifies valid values for a URL parameter.</param>
/// <param name="dataTokens">Custom values that are passed to the route handler, but which are not used
/// to determine whether the route matches a specific URL pattern. These values
/// are passed to the route handler, where they can be used for processing the
/// request.</param>
/// <param name="routeHandler">The object that processes requests for the route.</param>
public AbsoluteUrlRoute(string url, RouteValueDictionary defaults, RouteValueDictionary constraints,
RouteValueDictionary dataTokens, IRouteHandler routeHandler)
: base(url, defaults, constraints, dataTokens, routeHandler)
{
}
#endregion
public override VirtualPathData GetVirtualPath(RequestContext requestContext, RouteValueDictionary values)
{
var virtualPath = base.GetVirtualPath(requestContext, values);
if (virtualPath != null)
{
var scheme = "http";
if (this.DataTokens != null && (string)this.DataTokens["scheme"] != string.Empty)
{
scheme = (string) this.DataTokens["scheme"];
}
virtualPath.VirtualPath = MakeAbsoluteUrl(requestContext, virtualPath.VirtualPath, scheme);
return virtualPath;
}
return null;
}
#region Helpers
/// <summary>
/// Creates an absolute url
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestContext">The request context</param>
/// <param name="virtualPath">The initial virtual relative path</param>
/// <param name="scheme">The protocol scheme</param>
/// <returns>The absolute URL</returns>
private string MakeAbsoluteUrl(RequestContext requestContext, string virtualPath, string scheme)
{
return string.Format("{0}://{1}{2}{3}{4}",
scheme,
requestContext.HttpContext.Request.Url.Host,
requestContext.HttpContext.Request.ApplicationPath,
requestContext.HttpContext.Request.ApplicationPath.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/",
virtualPath);
}
#endregion
}
此版本的“Route”类将创建绝对 url。这里的技巧,以及博客文章作者的建议,是使用 DataToken 来指定方案(最后的例子:))。
现在,如果我们要生成一个 url,例如对于路由“Account/LogOn”,我们将得到“ /http://example.com/Account/LogOn”——这是因为 UrlRoutingModule 将所有 url 视为相对的。我们可以使用自定义 HttpModule 来解决这个问题:
public class AbsoluteUrlRoutingModule : UrlRoutingModule
{
protected override void Init(System.Web.HttpApplication application)
{
application.PostMapRequestHandler += application_PostMapRequestHandler;
base.Init(application);
}
protected void application_PostMapRequestHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var wrapper = new AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpContextWrapper(((HttpApplication)sender).Context);
}
public override void PostResolveRequestCache(HttpContextBase context)
{
base.PostResolveRequestCache(new AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpContextWrapper(HttpContext.Current));
}
private class AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpContextWrapper : HttpContextWrapper
{
private readonly HttpContext _context;
private HttpResponseBase _response = null;
public AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpContextWrapper(HttpContext context)
: base(context)
{
this._context = context;
}
public override HttpResponseBase Response
{
get
{
return _response ??
(_response =
new AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpResponseWrapper(_context.Response));
}
}
private class AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpResponseWrapper : HttpResponseWrapper
{
public AbsoluteUrlAwareHttpResponseWrapper(HttpResponse response)
: base(response)
{
}
public override string ApplyAppPathModifier(string virtualPath)
{
int length = virtualPath.Length;
if (length > 7 && virtualPath.Substring(0, 7) == "/http:/")
return virtualPath.Substring(1);
else if (length > 8 && virtualPath.Substring(0, 8) == "/https:/")
return virtualPath.Substring(1);
return base.ApplyAppPathModifier(virtualPath);
}
}
}
}
由于这个模块覆盖了 UrlRoutingModule 的基本实现,我们应该删除基本的 httpModule 并在 web.config 中注册我们的。因此,在“system.web”设置下:
<httpModules>
<!-- Removing the default UrlRoutingModule and inserting our own absolute url routing module -->
<remove name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" />
<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="MyApp.Web.Mvc.Routing.AbsoluteUrlRoutingModule" />
</httpModules>
就是这样 :)。
为了注册一个绝对/协议遵循的路线,你应该这样做:
routes.Add(new AbsoluteUrlRoute("Account/LogOn", new MvcRouteHandler())
{
Defaults = new RouteValueDictionary(new {controller = "Account", action = "LogOn", area = ""}),
DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary(new {scheme = "https"})
});
很想听听您的反馈+改进。希望它可以帮助!:)
编辑:我忘记包含 IsCurrentConnectionSecured() 扩展方法(片段太多:P)。这是一种扩展方法,一般使用 Request.IsSecuredConnection。但是,在使用负载平衡时,此方法将不起作用-因此此方法可以绕过此方法(取自 nopCommerce)。
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether current connection is secured
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request">The base request context</param>
/// <returns>true - secured, false - not secured</returns>
/// <remarks><![CDATA[ This method checks whether or not the connection is secured.
/// There's a standard Request.IsSecureConnection attribute, but it won't be loaded correctly in case of load-balancer.
/// See: <a href="http://nopcommerce.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/16de4a113aa9#src/Libraries/Nop.Core/WebHelper.cs">nopCommerce WebHelper IsCurrentConnectionSecured()</a>]]></remarks>
public static bool IsCurrentConnectionSecured(this HttpRequestBase request)
{
return request != null && request.IsSecureConnection;
// when your hosting uses a load balancer on their server then the Request.IsSecureConnection is never got set to true, use the statement below
// just uncomment it
//return request != null && request.ServerVariables["HTTP_CLUSTER_HTTPS"] == "on";
}
这是Pablo M. Cibrano于 2009 年 1 月发表的一篇博文,其中收集了一些技术,包括 HttpModule 和扩展方法。
这是Adam Salvo 的一篇博客文章,它使用了 ActionFilter。
这不一定是 MVC 特定的,但此解决方案确实适用于 ASP.NET WebForms 和 MVC:
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/web-security/WebPageSecurity_v2.aspx
我已经使用了几年,并且喜欢通过 web.config 文件分离关注点和管理。
MVC 6 (ASP.NET Core 1.0) 与 Startup.cs 的工作方式略有不同。
要在所有页面上使用 RequireHttpsAttribute (如 Amadiere 的回答中所述),您可以在 Startup.cs 中添加它,而不是在每个控制器上使用属性样式(或者而不是为所有控制器创建一个 BaseController 来继承)。
Startup.cs - 注册过滤器:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
// TODO: Register other services
services.AddMvc(options =>
{
options.Filters.Add(typeof(RequireHttpsAttribute));
});
}
有关上述方法的设计决策的更多信息,请参阅我对有关如何排除 localhost 请求不被 RequireHttpsAttribute 处理的类似问题的回答。
或者将过滤器添加到Global.asax.cs
GlobalFilters.Filters.Add(new RequireHttpsAttribute());
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.Routing;
namespace xxxxxxxx
{
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
GlobalFilters.Filters.Add(new RequireHttpsAttribute());
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
}
}
}