which.max
which.min
如果有关系,将返回最大值或最小值的最小索引。
有没有办法解决这个问题,以便在不影响函数效率的情况下返回最大的索引?
max.col
有这个确切的功能,但我正在处理一个向量而不是一个矩阵。
你可以这样做:
x<-c(1,2,1,4,3,4)
#identical to which.max, except returns all indices with max
which(x==max(x))
[1] 4 6
z<-which(x==max(x))
z[length(z)]
[1] 6
#or with tail
tail(which(x==max(x)),1)
[1] 6
编辑:
或者,您也可以max.col
对这样的向量使用函数:
max.col(t(x),"last")
[1] 6
#or
max.col(matrix(x,nrow=1),"last")
[1] 6
编辑:一些基准测试:
x<-sample(1:1000,size=10000,replace=TRUE)
library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(which.max(x),{z<-which(x==max(x));z[length(z)]},
tail(which(x==max(x)),1),max.col(matrix(x,nrow=1),"last"),
max.col(t(x),"last"),which.max(rev(x)),times=1000)
Unit: microseconds
expr min lq median uq max neval
which.max(x) 29.390 30.323 30.323 31.256 17550.276 1000
{ z <- which(x == max(x)) z[length(z)] } 40.586 42.452 42.919 44.318 631.178 1000
tail(which(x == max(x)), 1) 57.380 60.646 61.579 64.844 596.657 1000
max.col(matrix(x, nrow = 1), "last") 134.353 138.085 139.485 144.383 710.949 1000
max.col(t(x), "last") 116.159 119.425 121.291 125.956 729.610 1000
which.max(rev(x)) 89.569 91.435 92.368 96.566 746.404 1000
因此,所有方法似乎都比原始方法慢(给出错误的结果),但z <- which(x == max(x));z[length(z)]
似乎是这些方法中最快的选择。
你可以逆转x
which.max(rev(x))
which.min(rev(x))
该which
函数有一个“arr.ind”参数,通常设置为 FALSE,但在这种情况下设置为 TRUE 很有用:
x <- sample(1:20, 50, repl=TRUE)
> which(x==max(x), arr.ind=TRUE)
[1] 11 23
> tail(which(x==max(x), arr.ind=TRUE) , 1)
[1] 23
使用 arr.ind 参数对矩阵或数组结构特别有用,但它也适用于原子向量。
要扩展 Jouni 的答案,您可以改为使用max
以下结果which
:
x <- c(1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 4)
which(x == max(x))
[1] 4 6
max(which(x == max(x)))
[1] 6
基准测试:
x <- sample(1:1000, size = 10000, replace = TRUE)
library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(which.max(x), {z <- which(x == max(x)); z[length(z)]},
tail(which(x == max(x)), 1), max.col(matrix(x, nrow = 1), "last"),
max.col(t(x), "last"), which.max(rev(x)), max(which(x == max(x))), times = 1000)
Unit: microseconds
expr min lq mean median uq max neval
which.max(x) 6.322 6.717 7.171838 7.112 7.112 40.297 1000
{ z <- which(x == max(x)) z[length(z)] } 27.260 28.445 37.126964 28.840 29.630 2276.346 1000
tail(which(x == max(x)), 1) 35.952 37.927 45.198484 38.718 40.298 1005.038 1000
max.col(matrix(x, nrow = 1), "last") 160.791 162.766 181.698171 163.557 169.087 1688.494 1000
max.col(t(x), "last") 84.149 86.124 100.249921 86.915 89.680 1230.618 1000
which.max(rev(x)) 53.729 55.310 69.442985 56.100 57.680 1076.149 1000
max(which(x == max(x))) 26.865 27.655 35.552256 28.050 28.841 1029.137 1000