python - 如何在使用 NLTK 时确定语义层次/关系？

Question

我想用 NLTK 和 wordnet 来理解两个词之间的语义关系。就像我输入“员工”和“服务员”一样，它返回的内容表明员工比服务员更一般。或者对于“employee”和“worker”，它返回相等。有谁知道这是怎么做到的吗？

Answer 1

首先，您必须解决将单词放入引理然后放入同义词集的问题，即如何从一个单词中识别同义词集？

word => lemma => lemma.pos.sense => synset    
Waiters => waiter => 'waiter.n.01' => wn.Synset('waiter.n.01')

所以假设您已经处理了上述问题并得出了 的最右边的表示waiter，那么您可以继续比较同义词集。请注意，一个词可以有很多同义词

from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
waiter = wn.Synset('waiter.n.01')
employee = wn.Synset('employee.n.01')

all_hyponyms_of_waiter = list(set([w.replace("_"," ") for s in waiter.closure(lambda s:s.hyponyms()) for w in s.lemma_names]))
all_hyponyms_of_employee = list(set([w.replace("_"," ") for s in employee.closure(lambda s:s.hyponyms()) for w in s.lemma_names]))

if 'waiter' in all_hyponyms_of_employee:
  print 'employee more general than waiter'
elif 'employee' in all_hyponyms_of_waiter:
  print 'waiter more general than employee'
else:
  print "The SUMO ontology used in wordnet just doesn't have employee or waiter under the same tree"