我正在做一个涉及线程和互斥锁的 C 小项目。我正在开发的程序在 bmp 法师上应用过滤器。该项目的目标是实现一个能够处理此命令行的程序:
$ ./filter -f filter1[,filter2[,...]] -t numThreads1[,numThreads2[,...]] input-folder output-folder
其中 -f 是我要应用的过滤器(“红色”、“蓝色”、“绿色”、“灰度”和“模糊”),-t 是每个过滤器分配的线程数。
到目前为止一切都很好,除了模糊,我被困在数据竞赛中(或者,我认为是这样)。模糊过滤器的工作方式如下:
/* Add a Gaussian blur to an image using
* this 3X3 matrix as weights matrix:
* 0.0 0.2 0.0
* 0.2 0.2 0.2
* 0.0 0.2 0.0
*
* If we consider the red component in this image
* (every element has a value between 0 and 255)
*
* 1 2 5 2 0 3
* -------
* 3 |2 5 1| 6 0 0.0*2 + 0.2*5 + 0.0*1 +
* | |
* 4 |3 6 2| 1 4 -> 0.2*3 + 0.2*6 + 0.2*2 + -> 3.2
* | |
* 0 |4 0 3| 4 2 0.0*4 + 0.2*0 + 0.0*3
* -------
* 9 6 5 0 3 9
*
* The new value of the pixel (3, 4) is round(3.2) = 3.
*
* If a pixel is outside the image, we increment the central pixel weight by 0.2
* So the new value of pixel (0, 0) is:
* 0.2 * 0 + 0.2 * 9 + 0.2 * 6 + 0.2 * 9 + 0.2 * 9 = 6.6 -> 7
*/
问题是,当我使用这个模糊过滤器在“棋盘”图像上运行我的程序时:
$ ./filter -f blur -t 8 chess.bmp chessBlur.bmp
我正在使用互斥锁来锁定和解锁关键部分,但正如您所见,数据竞争仍然存在。过滤器上只有两个词,我一次给每个线程一行,从底部开始向上。我的 filter_blur 代码是:
int filter_blur(struct image *img, int nThread)
{
int error = 0;
int mod = img->height%nThread;
if (mod > 0)
mod = 1;
pthread_t threads[nThread];
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
args arguments[nThread];
struct image* img2 = (struct image*)malloc(sizeof(struct image));
memcpy(img2,img,sizeof(struct image));
error=pthread_mutex_init( &mutex, NULL);
if(error!=0)
err(error,"pthread_mutex_init");
int i = 0;
for (i=0; i<nThread; i++) {
arguments[i].img2 = img2;
arguments[i].mutex = &mutex;
}
int j = 0;
for (i=0; i<(img->height)/nThread + mod; i++) {
for (j=0; j<nThread; j++) {
arguments[j].img = img; arguments[j].line = i*nThread + j;
error=pthread_create(&threads[j],NULL,threadBlur,(void*)&arguments[j]);
if(error!=0)
err(error,"pthread_create");
}
for (j=0; j<nThread; j++) {
error=pthread_join(threads[j],NULL);
if(error!=0)
err(error,"pthread_join");
}
}
free(img2);
return 0;
}
void* threadBlur(void* argument) {
// unpacking arguments
args* image = (args*)argument;
struct image* img = image->img;
struct image* img2 = image->img2;
pthread_mutex_t* mutex = image->mutex;
int error;
int line = image->line;
if (line < img->height) {
int i;
error=pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
if(error!=0)
fprintf(stderr,"pthread_mutex_lock");
for (i=0; i<img->width; i++) {
img->pixels[line * img->width +i] = blur(img2,i,line);
}
error=pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
if(error!=0)
fprintf(stderr,"pthread_mutex_unlock");
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
struct pixel blur(struct image* img2, int x, int y) {
double red = 0;
double green = 0;
double blue = 0;
red=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
if (x != 0) {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x - 1].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x - 1].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x - 1].b/5.0;
} else {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
}
if (x != img2->width - 1) {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x + 1].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x + 1].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x + 1].b/5.0;
} else {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
}
if (y != 0) {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[(y - 1) * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[(y - 1) * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[(y - 1) * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
} else {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
}
if (y != img2->height - 1) {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[(y + 1) * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[(y + 1) * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[(y + 1) * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
} else {
red+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].r/5.0;
green+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].g/5.0;
blue+=(double)img2->pixels[y * img2->width + x].b/5.0;
}
struct pixel pix = {(unsigned char)round(blue),(unsigned char)round(green),(unsigned char)round(red)};
return pix;
}
编辑 1:
正如@job 正确猜测的那样,问题是由我的结构的memcpy 引起的(结构被复制,但结构内的指针仍然指向原始结构元素)。我还删除了互斥锁(它们只是在这里,因为我认为它们可以解决我的问题,对不起,我的错)现在我的项目正在像一个魅力一样工作(即使我们仍然可以讨论处理速度,以及使用线程的需要)。正如我所说,这是一个项目,一个针对我的 C 班的大学项目。目标是并行化我们的过滤器。所以需要线程。
谢谢你!