我基本上是做一系列的转储和加载,但在某些时候我想删除一个加载的条目。我怎样才能做到这一点?有没有办法删除或编辑使用 Python pickle/cpickle 保存的条目?
编辑:数据与pickle一起保存在二进制文件中。
要从二进制文件中删除腌制对象,您必须重写整个文件。该pickle
模块不处理流的任意部分的修改,因此没有内置的方式来做你想做的事。
可能最简单的二进制文件替代方法是使用该shelve
模块。
该模块为dict
包含腌制数据的数据库提供了一个类似的接口,正如您从文档中的示例中看到的那样:
import shelve
d = shelve.open(filename) # open -- file may get suffix added by low-level
# library
d[key] = data # store data at key (overwrites old data if
# using an existing key)
data = d[key] # retrieve a COPY of data at key (raise KeyError if no
# such key)
del d[key] # delete data stored at key (raises KeyError
# if no such key)
flag = key in d # true if the key exists
klist = list(d.keys()) # a list of all existing keys (slow!)
# as d was opened WITHOUT writeback=True, beware:
d['xx'] = [0, 1, 2] # this works as expected, but...
d['xx'].append(3) # *this doesn't!* -- d['xx'] is STILL [0, 1, 2]!
# having opened d without writeback=True, you need to code carefully:
temp = d['xx'] # extracts the copy
temp.append(5) # mutates the copy
d['xx'] = temp # stores the copy right back, to persist it
# or, d=shelve.open(filename,writeback=True) would let you just code
# d['xx'].append(5) and have it work as expected, BUT it would also
# consume more memory and make the d.close() operation slower.
d.close() # close it
使用的数据库是ndbm
或gdbm
,具体取决于平台和可用的库。
注意:如果数据没有移动到其他平台,这很有效。如果您希望能够将数据库复制到另一台计算机,那么将shelve
无法正常工作,因为它不能保证将使用哪个库。在这种情况下,使用显式 SQL 数据库可能是最好的选择。