r - 如何在日历热图上使用黑白填充图案而不是颜色编码

Question

我正在使用Paul Bleicher的日历热图来可视化一段时间内的一些事件，并且我有兴趣添加 黑白填充图案而不是（或在其之上）颜色编码以增加日历热图的可读性黑白印刷。

这是一个以颜色显示的日历热图示例，

这是它在黑白中的样子，

很难区分黑白的各个级别。

有没有一种简单的方法可以让 R 为 6 个级别添加某种模式而不是颜色？

以颜色重现日历热图的代码。

source("http://blog.revolution-computing.com/downloads/calendarHeat.R")

stock <- "MSFT"
start.date <- "2012-01-12"
end.date <- Sys.Date()

quote <- paste("http://ichart.finance.yahoo.com/table.csv?s=", stock, "&a=", substr(start.date,6,7), "&b=", substr(start.date, 9, 10), "&c=", substr(start.date, 1,4), "&d=", substr(end.date,6,7), "&e=", substr(end.date, 9, 10), "&f=", substr(end.date, 1,4), "&g=d&ignore=.csv", sep="")
stock.data <- read.csv(quote, as.is=TRUE)

# convert the continuous var to a categorical var 
stock.data$by <- cut(stock.data$Adj.Close, b = 6, labels = F)

calendarHeat(stock.data$Date, stock.data$by, varname="MSFT Adjusted Close")

更新 02-13-2013 03:52:11Z，添加模式是什么意思，

我设想将模式添加到日历热图中的各个日期框，因为模式被添加到此图中右侧 ( B )饼图中的各个切片中，

在这里找到了类似于这个情节中的状态的东西。

Answer 1

我在他成为赏金之前回答了这个问题。看起来 OP 发现我以前的答案有点复杂。我在这里将代码组织在一个要点中。您只需要下载文件并获取它。

我创建了新函数extra.calendarHeat，它是第一个绘制双时间序列 hetmap 的扩展函数。（dat，value1，value2）。我添加了这个新参数：

   pch.symbol : vector of symbols , defualt 15:20
   cex.symbol : cex of the symbols , default = 2
   col.symbol : color of symbols , default #00000044
   pvalues    : value of symbols

这里有一些例子：

## I am using same data 
stock <- "MSFT"
start.date <- "2012-01-12"
end.date <- Sys.Date()
quote <- paste("http://ichart.finance.yahoo.com/table.csv?s=",
               stock,
               "&a=", substr(start.date,6,7),
               "&b=", substr(start.date, 9, 10),
               "&c=", substr(start.date, 1,4), 
               "&d=", substr(end.date,6,7),
               "&e=", substr(end.date, 9, 10),
               "&f=", substr(end.date, 1,4),
               "&g=d&ignore=.csv", sep="")             
stock.data <- read.csv(quote, as.is=TRUE)

p1 <- extra.calendarHeat(dates= stock.data$Date, values = stock.data$Adj.Close,
                         pvalues = stock.data$Volume,
                         varname="W&B MSFT Adjusted Close 
                                  \n Volume as no border symbol ")

## multiply symbols
p2 <- extra.calendarHeat(dates= stock.data$Date, values = stock.data$Adj.Close,
                         pvalues = stock.data$Volume,
                         varname="W&B MSFT Adjusted Close \n 
                                    black Volume as multiply symbol ",
                         pch.symbol = c(3,4,8,9),
                         col.symbol='black')

## circles symbols
p3 <- extra.calendarHeat(dates= stock.data$Date, values = stock.data$Adj.Close,
                         pvalues = stock.data$Volume,
                         varname="W&B  MSFT Adjusted Close \n blue Volume as circles",
                         pch.symbol = c(1,10,13,16,18),
                         col.symbol='blue')

## triangles  symbols
p4 <- extra.calendarHeat(dates= stock.data$Date, values = stock.data$Adj.Close,
                         pvalues = stock.data$Volume,
                         varname="W&B MSFT Adjusted Close \n red Volume as triangles",
                         pch.symbol = c(2,6,17,24,25),
                         col.symbol='red')

p5 <- extra.calendarHeat(dates= stock.data$Date, values = stock.data$Adj.Close,
                         varname="MSFT Adjusted Close",
                         pch.symbol = LETTERS,
                         col.symbol='black')

# symbols are LETTERS
p6 <- extra.calendarHeat(dates= stock.data$Date, values = stock.data$Adj.Close,
                         pvalues = stock.data$Volume,
                         varname="MSFT Adjusted Close  \n Volume as LETTERS symbols",
                         pch.symbol = letters,
                         color='r2b')

Answer 2

您可以panel.level.plot从latticeExtra添加模式。我认为提出的问题有点具体。所以我试图概括它。这个想法是给出将时间序列转换为日历热图的步骤：使用 2 种模式（填充颜色和形状）。我们可以想象多个时间序列（关闭/打开）。例如，你可以得到这样的东西

或者像这样，使用 ggplot2 主题：

该函数calendarHeat给出一个单一的时间序列 (dat,value) ，像这样转换数据：

   date.seq value dotw woty   yr month seq
1 2012-01-01    NA    0    2 2012     1   1
2 2012-01-02    NA    1    2 2012     1   2
3 2012-01-03    NA    2    2 2012     1   3
4 2012-01-04    NA    3    2 2012     1   4
5 2012-01-05    NA    4    2 2012     1   5
6 2012-01-06    NA    5    2 2012     1   6

所以我假设我的数据格式是这样的，否则，我从 calendarHeat 中提取了函数中数据转换的部分（参见这个要点）

 dat <- transformdata(stock.data$Date, stock.data$by)

那么日历本质上就是一个levelplot带有自定义sacles、自定义theme和自定义的panel' function。

library(latticeExtra)
levelplot(value~woty*dotw | yr, data=dat, border = "black",
          layout = c(1, nyr%%7),
          col.regions = (calendar.pal(ncolors)),
          aspect='iso',
          between = list(x=0, y=c(1,1)),
          strip=TRUE,
          panel = function(...) {
            panel.levelplot(...)
            calendar.division(...)  
            panel.levelplot.points(...,na.rm=T,
                                   col='blue',alpha=0.5,
                                   ## you can play with cex and pch here to get the pattern you      
                                   ## like
                                   cex =dat$value/max(dat$value,na.rm=T)*3
                                   pch=ifelse(is.na(dat$value),NA,20),
                                   type = c("p"))

          },
          scales= scales,
          xlim =extendrange(dat$woty,f=0.01),
          ylim=extendrange(dat$dotw,f=0.1),
          cuts= ncolors - 1,
          colorkey= list(col = calendar.pal(ncolors), width = 0.6, height = 0.5),
          subscripts=TRUE,
          par.settings = calendar.theme)

秤在哪里：

 scales = list(
   x = list( at= c(seq(2.9, 52, by=4.42)),
             labels = month.abb,
             alternating = c(1, rep(0, (nyr-1))),
             tck=0,
             cex =1),
   y=list(
     at = c(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
     labels = c("Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday",
                "Friday", "Saturday"),
     alternating = 1,
     cex =1,
     tck=0))

主题设置为：

 calendar.theme <- list(
   xlab=NULL,ylab=NULL,
   strip.background = list(col = "transparent"),
   strip.border = list(col = "transparent"),
   axis.line = list(col="transparent"),
   par.strip.text=list(cex=2))

面板函数使用函数 caelendar.division。实际上，网格（月黑计数）的划分很长，并且是使用grid包以硬方式完成的（面板焦点...）。我稍微改了一下，现在我在格子面板函数中调用它：caelendar.division。

Answer 3

我们可以使用 ggplot2scale_shape_manual让我们的形状看起来接近阴影，我们可以将它们绘制在灰色热图上。
注意：这改编自@Jay 在日历热图的原始博客帖子中的评论

# PACKAGES
library(ggplot2)
library(data.table)

# Transofrm data
stock.data <- transform(stock.data,
  week = as.POSIXlt(Date)$yday %/% 7 + 1,
  month = as.POSIXlt(Date)$mon + 1,
  wday = factor(as.POSIXlt(Date)$wday, levels=0:6, labels=levels(weekdays(1, abb=FALSE)), ordered=TRUE),
  year = as.POSIXlt(Date)$year + 1900)

# find when the months change
#   Not used, but could be 
stock.data$mchng <- as.logical(c(0, diff(stock.data$month)))

# we need dummy data for Sunday / Saturday to be included.
#  These added rows will not be plotted due to their NA values
dummy <- as.data.frame(stock.data[1:2, ])
dummy[, -which(names(dummy) %in% c("wday", "year"))] <- NA
dummy[, "wday"] <- weekdays(2:3, FALSE)
dummy[, "mchng"] <- TRUE
rbind(dummy, stock.data) -> stock.data

# convert the continuous var to a categorical var 
stock.data$Adj.Disc <- cut(stock.data$Adj.Close, b = 6, labels = F)

# vals is the greyscale tones used for the outer monthly borders
vals <- gray(c(.2, .5))

# PLOT
  # Expected warning due to dummy variable with NA's: 
  # Warning message:
  # Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_point). 
ggplot(stock.data) + 
  aes(week, wday, fill=as.factor(Adj.Disc), 
      shape=as.factor(Adj.Disc), color=as.factor(month %% 2)) + 
  geom_tile(linetype=1, size=1.8) + 
  geom_tile(linetype=6, size=0.4, color="white") + 
  scale_color_manual(values=vals) +
  geom_point(aes(alpha=0.2), color="black") + 
  scale_fill_grey(start=0, end=0.9) +  scale_shape_manual(values=c(2, 3, 4, 12, 14, 8)) + 
  theme(legend.position="none")  +  labs(y="Day of the Week") +  facet_wrap(~ year, ncol = 1)