使用 Spring 进行单元测试的最佳实践方法是什么？我认为 TestNG 和 jmockit 与 Spring 3 的组合还不错，所以这就是我现在正在做的事情，但是如果我不在为我的新 Spring 项目选择工具，请马上告诉我。:-)
无论如何，我已经创建了一个我想要测试的实体，但我不确定如何从 Spring 上下文中实际运行 TestNG。我创建了一个简单的测试类
package com.mydomain.data.entities.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class SimpleTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@BeforeClass
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
Assert.assertNotNull(applicationContext);
}
@Test
public void testNothing() {
}
}
使用 applicationContext.xml 导入 bean 来设置模型和业务层。首先，我希望它使用来自 Project/WebRoot/WEB-INF 的 applicationContext.xml，而此测试的源位于 Project/src/com/mydomain/data/entities/test 中，但我相信/applicationContext.xml 会给我 Projects/src，与类路径相同：这是正确的吗？
此外，既然我正在使用我的 Web 应用程序将使用的模型和业务层，我应该期望它的行为类似。但是，当我在测试中启动 TestNG 时，它说：类 org.hibernate.cfg.ExtendedMappings 具有接口 org.hibernate.cfg.Mappings 作为超类：
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in URL [file:/Users/niklas/Documents/Eclipse/Project/WebRoot/WEB-INF/Project-Model.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class org.hibernate.cfg.ExtendedMappings has interface org.hibernate.cfg.Mappings as super class
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1393)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:511)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:449)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:289)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:286)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:192)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeansOfType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:352)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(BeanFactoryUtils.java:266)
at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.detectPersistenceExceptionTranslators(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:121)
at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.<init>(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:77)
at org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAdvisor.<init>(PersistenceExceptionTranslationAdvisor.java:70)
at org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor.setBeanFactory(PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor.java:99)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeAwareMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1414)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1381)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:511)
... 38 more
Caused by: java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class org.hibernate.cfg.ExtendedMappings has interface org.hibernate.cfg.Mappings as super class
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:700)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:124)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:260)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:56)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:195)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:319)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:330)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:254)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:399)
at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.createExtendedMappings(AnnotationConfiguration.java:187)
at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.secondPassCompile(AnnotationConfiguration.java:277)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildMappings(Configuration.java:1162)
at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean.buildSessionFactory(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:667)
at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.AbstractSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractSessionFactoryBean.java:211)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1390)
... 53 more
这是什么，为什么我会得到这个？有什么线索吗？
我的 sessionFactory 看起来像这样
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="annotatedClasses">
<list>
<!-- Entity classes from package com.mydomain.data.entities -->
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">false</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>