4

Python 中的堆栈跟踪显示文件路径。有没有办法让他们显示完全限定的函数名？

例子：

class Foo(object):
    def bar(self):
        raise Exception, "Some error."

def inner():
    return Foo().bar()

def outer():
    return inner()

我希望我的输出看起来像这样：

In __main__.Foo.bar ("scratchpad.py", line 3)
   __main__.inner ("scratchpad.py", line 6)
   __main__.outer ("scratchpad.py", line 9)
Exception: Some error.

如果它有任何改变，我使用的是 Python 2.7。

这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

import sys

class Foo(object):
    def bar(self):
        raise Exception, "Dummy value."

def inner():
    "Inner function..."
    return Foo().bar()

def outer():
    return inner()


try:
    outer()
except Exception, error:
    traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]
    while traceback is not None:
        frame = traceback.tb_frame
        print 'Name', frame.f_globals['__name__']+'.'+frame.f_code.co_name
        docs = frame.f_code.co_consts[0]
        if docs and docs != -1: # docs can be None or -1.
            print 'Docs "%s"' % docs
        print 'Args', frame.f_code.co_argcount
        print 'File "%s", line %d' % (frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno)
        print
        traceback = traceback.tb_next

当我运行它时，它会打印

$ python pretty-stack.py
Name __main__.<module>
Args 0
File "pretty-stack.py", line 28

Name __main__.outer
Args 0
File "pretty-stack.py", line 14

Name __main__.inner
Docs "Inner function..."
Args 0
File "pretty-stack.py", line 11

Name __main__.bar
Args 1
File "pretty-stack.py", line 7

它几乎就在那里，但我在重要的用例上遇到了麻烦。例如，我无法Foo获取Foo.bar().

4

1 回答 1

4

没有直接的方法可以从回溯中访问符号，因为只有“代码对象”是可访问的，正如代码对象上的 Python 文档所说：

与函数对象不同，代码对象是不可变的，并且不包含对可变对象的引用（直接或间接）。

似乎要检索回溯中涉及的模块、函数和类，我们需要搜索它们。

我有一个似乎可以工作的实验版本。此实现基于遍历代码对象引用的模块以找到引用相关代码对象的函数或方法。

from collections import namedtuple
import inspect
import sys

from nested.external import Foo

def inner(a, b='qux'):
    "Inner function..."
    return Foo().bar()

def outer(a, *args, **kwds):
    return inner(a)

def resolve_signature(function):
    """Get a formatted string that looks like the function's signature."""
    prgs, vrgs, kwds, defs = inspect.getargspec(function)
    arguments = []
    if defs:
        for name in prgs[:len(defs)-1]:
            arguments.append(name)
        for i,name in enumerate(prgs[len(defs)-1]):
            arguments.append('%s=%r'%(name,defs[i]))
    else:
        arguments.extend(prgs)
    if vrgs:
        arguments.append('*'+vrgs)
    if kwds:
        arguments.append('**'+kwds)
    return '('+', '.join(arguments)+')'


def resolve_scope(module_name, code):
    """Resolve the scope name for a code object provided its module name."""
    # Resolve module.
    module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
    if not module:
        return '<hidden-module>' + '.' + code.co_name + '(?)'

    # Check module's functions.
    symbols = inspect.getmembers(module, inspect.isfunction)
    for symbol_name,symbol_info in symbols:
        if symbol_info.func_code is code:
            scope = module_name + '.'
            return scope + code.co_name + resolve_signature(symbol_info)

    # Check module's classes.
    symbols = inspect.getmembers(module, inspect.isclass)
    for symbol_name,symbol_info in symbols:
        # Check class' methods.
        members = inspect.getmembers(symbol_info, inspect.ismethod)
        for method_name,method_info in members:
            if method_info.__func__.func_code is code:
                scope = module_name + '.' + symbol_name + '.'
                return scope + code.co_name + resolve_signature(method_info)

    # Default to the thing's name.  This usually happens
    # when resolving the stack frame for module-level code.
    return code.co_name

Frame = namedtuple('Frame', ['call', 'file', 'line', 'help'])

def pretty_stack(traceback=None):
    """Returns a simple stack frame."""
    frames = []
    if traceback is None:
        traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]
    while traceback is not None:
        frame = traceback.tb_frame
        call = resolve_scope(frame.f_globals['__name__'], frame.f_code)
        path = frame.f_code.co_filename.replace('\\', '/')
        line = frame.f_lineno
        docs = frame.f_code.co_consts[0]
        if docs == -1:
            docs = None
        frames.append(Frame(call, path, line, docs))
        traceback = traceback.tb_next
    return frames

try:
    outer(1)
except Exception, error:
    frames = pretty_stack()
    for frame in frames:
        print frame.call
        print '  -> "%s", line %d.' % (frame.file, frame.line)
        if frame.help:
            print frame.help
        print

当我运行它时，我得到类似的东西：

$ python pretty-stack.py
<module>
  -> "pretty-stack.py", line 84.

__main__.outer(a, *args, **kwds)
  -> "pretty-stack.py", line 14.

__main__.inner(a='qux')
  -> "pretty-stack.py", line 11.
Inner function...

nested.external.Foo.bar(self)
  -> "C:/Users/acaron/Desktop/nested/external.py", line 3.

请注意，这甚至会打印函数签名和文档字符串，这可能有助于调试。

在存在描述符之类的情况下，它可能无法按预期工作，我没有尝试过非常复杂的用例。如果您发现它不起作用的情况，请告诉我，我会尝试修补它。

于 2013-02-11T21:39:37.850 回答