mysql - 优化 NOT IN 和子查询？

Question

我有这个查询：

select distinct somecolumn from sometable
          where something = somethingelse and
          someid not in (select anotherid from another tabele where ...);

我认为由于子选择，查询运行速度非常慢。有没有办法重写它，以便可以删除 not in 和 subselect？

Answer 1

利用LEFT JOIN

SELECT  someClumn
FROM    sometable a
        LEFT JOIN anotherTable b
            ON a.someID = b.anotherID 
               -- AND condition for anotherTable
WHERE   a.something = somethingelse AND
        b.anotherID IS NULL

为了获得更好的性能，请在列上定义索引：someID和anotherID.

Answer 2

尝试

select
  distinct somecolumn

from
  sometable t1
  left join anothertable t2 on (t1.someid=t2.otherid and t2.othercondition='else')

where
  t1.something='something else'
  and t2.pk is null
;

并且 t2.otherid 应该被索引。

注意：子查询中的 WHERE 子句位于 JOIN 条件中。

Answer 3

理论上，NOT EXISTS应该比 优化略好，并且如果是 NULLableNOT IN也应该更可靠（从 SQL Server 的角度来看的详细信息）。虽然我承认我对 MySQL 的了解还不够，无法知道这个查询是否会更好：anotherid

SELECT somecolumn 
  FROM dbo.sometable AS s
  WHERE something = somethingelse 
  AND NOT EXISTS 
  (
    SELECT 1 FROM dbo.[another table]
    WHERE anotherid = s.someid
  );

但我怀疑这里真正的性能问题是缺少索引，而不是子查询的存在。是否被sometable.something索引？怎么样sometable.somied？和[another table].anotherid？也DISTINCT可能需要额外的排序，但它真的有必要吗？如果您有重复项，则可能表明存在设计问题...

Answer 4

select somecolumn
from sometable
     LEFT JOIN another tabele
        ON someid  = anotherid
          AND (where clause from subquery)
WHERE anotherid IS NULL
    AND something = somethingelse

如果您有一对多的关系，我认为 DISTINCT 是多余的。

Answer 5

尝试这个

   select  somecolumn from sometable
      where something = somethingelse and
      someid not in (select anotherid from another tabele where ...)
      GROUP BY somecolumn;