我有一个关于该printf()
方法如何打印有符号或无符号整数的问题。有一天,我发现自己在想,鉴于计算机没有十进制的概念,将二进制序列转换为人类可以理解的十进制数字序列是多么困难。
下面,我有一个printf()
方法(从这里)及其相关方法。正如您在评论中看到的那样,我试图尽可能多地了解其printi()
工作原理:
#define PAD_RIGHT 1
#define PAD_ZERO 2
#include <stdarg.h>
static void printchar(char **str, int c)
{
extern int putchar(int c);
if (str) {
**str = c;
++(*str);
}
else (void)putchar(c);
}
static int prints(char **out, const char *string, int width, int pad)
{
register int pc = 0, padchar = ' ';
if (width > 0) {
register int len = 0;
register const char *ptr;
for (ptr = string; *ptr; ++ptr) ++len;
if (len >= width) width = 0;
else width -= len;
if (pad & PAD_ZERO) padchar = '0';
}
if (!(pad & PAD_RIGHT)) {
for ( ; width > 0; --width) {
printchar (out, padchar);
++pc;
}
}
for ( ; *string ; ++string) {
printchar (out, *string);
++pc;
}
for ( ; width > 0; --width) {
printchar (out, padchar);
++pc;
}
return pc;
}
/* the following should be enough for 32 bit int */
#define PRINT_BUF_LEN 12
static int printi(char **out, int i, int b, int sg, int width, int pad, int letbase)
{
/*
i is the number we are turning into a string
b is the base, i.e. base 10 for decimal
sg is if the number is signed, i.e. 1 for signed (%d), 0 for unsigned (%u)
By default, width and pad are 0, letbase is 97
*/
char print_buf[PRINT_BUF_LEN];
register char *s;
register int t, neg = 0, pc = 0;
register unsigned int u = i;
if (i == 0)
{
print_buf[0] = '0';
print_buf[1] = '\0';
return prints(out, print_buf, width, pad);
}
if (sg && b == 10 && i < 0)
{
neg = 1;
u = -i;
}
s = print_buf + PRINT_BUF_LEN - 1;
*s = '\0';
while (u)
{
t = u % b;
if (t >= 10)
t += letbase - '0' - 10;
*--s = t + '0';
u /= b;
}
if (neg)
{
if (width && (pad & PAD_ZERO))
{
printchar(out, '-');
++pc;
--width;
}
else
*--s = '-';
}
return pc + prints(out, s, width, pad);
}
static int print(char** out, const char* format, va_list args)
{
register int width, pad;
register int pc = 0;
char scr[2];
for (; *format != 0; ++format)
{
if (*format == '%')
{
++format;
width = pad = 0;
if (*format == '\0')
break;
if (*format == '%')
goto out;
if (*format == '-')
{
++format;
pad = PAD_RIGHT;
}
while (*format == '0')
{
++format;
pad |= PAD_ZERO;
}
for (; *format >= '0' && *format <= '9'; ++format)
{
width *= 10;
width += *format - '0';
}
if (*format == 's')
{
register char* s = (char*) va_arg(args, int);
pc += prints(out, s ? s : "(null)", width, pad);
continue;
}
if (*format == 'd')
{
pc += printi(out, va_arg(args, int), 10, 1, width, pad, 'a');
continue;
}
if (*format == 'x')
{
pc += printi(out, va_arg(args, int), 16, 0, width, pad, 'a');
continue;
}
if (*format == 'X')
{
pc += printi(out, va_arg(args, int), 16, 0, width, pad, 'A');
continue;
}
if (*format == 'u')
{
pc += printi(out, va_arg(args, int), 10, 0, width, pad, 'a');
continue;
}
if (*format == 'c')
{
/* char are converted to int then pushed on the stack */
scr[0] = (char) va_arg(args, int);
scr[1] = '\0';
pc += prints(out, scr, width, pad);
continue;
}
}
else
{
out:
printchar (out, *format);
++pc;
}
}
if (out)
**out = '\0';
va_end(args);
return pc;
}
int printf(const char *format, ...)
{
va_list args;
va_start( args, format );
return print( 0, format, args );
}
如果我讨厌阅读库源代码的一件事,那就是它几乎不可读。具有一个字符且没有注释来解释它们的变量名称是一种痛苦。
您能否以简单的方式解释将整数转换为十进制数字字符串的方法到底是什么?