目前我正在开发一个 Delphi XE3 客户端/服务器应用程序来传输文件(使用 Indy FTP 组件)。客户端部分监视一个文件夹,获取其中的文件列表,将它们上传到服务器并删除原始文件。上传是由一个单独的线程完成的,该线程一个一个地处理文件。文件的范围从 0 到几千不等,它们的大小也有很大差异。
这是一个为 OSX 和 Windows 编译的 Firemonkey 应用程序,所以我不得不使用 TThread 而不是我更喜欢的 OmniThreadLibrary。我的客户报告说应用程序随机冻结。我无法复制它,但由于我对 TThread 没有太多经验,我可能在某处放置了死锁条件。我读了很多例子,但我仍然不确定一些多线程细节。
应用程序结构很简单:
主线程中的计时器检查文件夹并将有关每个文件的信息放入记录中,该记录进入通用 TList。此列表保存有关文件名称、大小、进度、文件是完全上传还是必须重试的信息。所有这些都显示在带有进度条等的网格中。这个列表只能由主线程访问。之后,通过调用 AddFile 方法(下面的代码)将列表中的项目发送到线程。该线程将所有文件存储在一个线程安全队列中,例如http://delphihaven.wordpress.com/2011/05/06/using-tmonitor-2/
当文件上传时,上传线程通知主线程调用同步。
主线程定期调用 Uploader.GetProgress 方法来检查当前文件进度并显示出来。这个函数实际上不是线程安全的,但它会导致死锁,还是只返回错误的数据?
什么是进行进度检查的安全有效的方法?
那么这种方法可以吗还是我错过了什么?你会怎么做?
例如,我想创建一个新线程只是为了读取文件夹内容。这意味着我使用的 TList 必须是线程安全的,但必须始终访问它以刷新 GUI 网格中显示的信息。不是所有的同步都会减慢 GUI 的速度吗?
我已经发布了下面的简化代码,以防有人想看它。如果没有,我很乐意听到一些关于我应该使用什么的意见。主要目标是在 OSX 和 Windows 上工作;能够显示有关所有文件的信息和当前文件的进度;无论文件的数量和大小如何,都能做出响应。
这是上传线程的代码。为了便于阅读,我删除了一些内容:
type
TFileStatus = (fsToBeQueued, fsUploaded, fsQueued);
TFileInfo = record
ID: Integer;
Path: String;
Size: Int64;
UploadedSize: Int64;
Status: TFileStatus;
end;
TUploader = class(TThread)
private
FTP: TIdFTP;
fQueue: TThreadedQueue<TFileInfo>;
fCurrentFile: TFileInfo;
FUploading: Boolean;
procedure ConnectFTP;
function UploadFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo): String;
procedure OnFTPWork(ASender: TObject; AWorkMode: TWorkMode; AWorkCount: Int64);
procedure SignalComplete;
procedure SignalError(aError: String);
protected
procedure Execute; override;
public
property Uploading: Boolean read FUploading;
constructor Create;
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure Terminate;
procedure AddFile(const aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
function GetProgress: TFileInfo;
end;
procedure TUploader.AddFile(const aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
begin
fQueue.Enqueue(aFileInfo);
end;
procedure TUploader.ConnectFTP;
begin
...
FTP.Connect;
end;
constructor TUploader.Create;
begin
inherited Create(false);
FreeOnTerminate := false;
fQueue := TThreadedQueue<TFileInfo>.Create;
// Create the TIdFTP and set ports and other params
...
end;
destructor TUploader.Destroy;
begin
fQueue.Close;
fQueue.Free;
FTP.Free;
inherited;
end;
// Process the whole queue and inform the main thread of the progress
procedure TUploader.Execute;
var
Temp: TFileInfo;
begin
try
ConnectFTP;
except
on E: Exception do
SignalError(E.Message);
end;
// Use Peek instead of Dequeue, because the item should not be removed from the queue if it fails
while fQueue.Peek(fCurrentFile) = wrSignaled do
try
if UploadFile(fCurrentFile) = '' then
begin
fQueue.Dequeue(Temp); // Delete the item from the queue if succesful
SignalComplete;
end;
except
on E: Exception do
SignalError(E.Message);
end;
end;
// Return the current file's info to the main thread. Used to update the progress indicators
function TUploader.GetProgress: TFileInfo;
begin
Result := fCurrentFile;
end;
// Update the uploaded size for the current file. This information is retrieved by a timer from the main thread to update the progress bar
procedure TUploader.OnFTPWork(ASender: TObject; AWorkMode: TWorkMode; AWorkCount: Int64);
begin
fCurrentFile.UploadedSize := AWorkCount;
end;
procedure TUploader.SignalComplete;
begin
Synchronize(
procedure
begin
frmClientMain.OnCompleteFile(fCurrentFile);
end);
end;
procedure TUploader.SignalError(aError: String);
begin
try
FTP.Disconnect;
except
end;
if fQueue.Closed then
Exit;
Synchronize(
procedure
begin
frmClientMain.OnUploadError(aError);
end);
end;
// Clear the queue and terminate the thread
procedure TUploader.Terminate;
begin
fQueue.Close;
inherited;
end;
function TUploader.UploadFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo): String;
begin
Result := 'Error';
try
if not FTP.Connected then
ConnectFTP;
FUploading := true;
FTP.Put(aFileInfo.Path, ExtractFileName(aFileInfo.Path));
Result := '';
finally
FUploading := false;
end;
end;
以及与上传者交互的部分主线程:
......
// Main form
fUniqueID: Integer; // This is a unique number given to each file, because there might be several with the same names(after one is uploaded and deleted)
fUploader: TUploader; // The uploader thread
fFiles: TList<TFileInfo>;
fCurrentFileName: String; // Used to display the progress
function IndexOfFile(aID: Integer): Integer; //Return the index of the record inside the fFiles given the file ID
public
procedure OnCompleteFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
procedure OnUploadError(aError: String);
end;
// This is called by the uploader with Synchronize
procedure TfrmClientMain.OnUploadError(aError: String);
begin
// show and log the error
end;
// This is called by the uploader with Synchronize
procedure TfrmClientMain.OnCompleteFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
var
I: Integer;
begin
I := IndexOfFile(aFileInfo.ID);
if (I >= 0) and (I < fFiles.Count) then
begin
aFileInfo.Status := fsUploaded;
aFileInfo.UploadedSize := aFileInfo.Size;
FFiles.Items[I] := aFileInfo;
Inc(FFilesUploaded);
TFile.Delete(aFileInfo.Path);
colProgressImg.UpdateCell(I);
end;
end;
procedure TfrmClientMain.ProcessFolder;
var
NewFiles: TStringDynArray;
I, J: Integer;
FileInfo: TFileInfo;
begin
// Remove completed files from the list if it contains more than XX files
while FFiles.Count > 1000 do
if FFiles[0].Status = fsUploaded then
begin
Dec(FFilesUploaded);
FFiles.Delete(0);
end else
Break;
NewFiles := TDirectory.GetFiles(WatchFolder, '*.*',TSearchOption.soAllDirectories);
for I := 0 to Length(NewFiles) - 1 do
begin
FileInfo.ID := FUniqueID;
Inc(FUniqueID);
FileInfo.Path := NewFiles[I];
FileInfo.Size := GetFileSizeByName(NewFiles[I]);
FileInfo.UploadedSize := 0;
FileInfo.Status := fsToBeQueued;
FFiles.Add(FileInfo);
if (I mod 100) = 0 then
begin
UpdateStatusLabel;
grFiles.RowCount := FFiles.Count;
Application.ProcessMessages;
if fUploader = nil then
break;
end;
end;
// Send the new files and resend failed to the uploader thread
for I := 0 to FFiles.Count - 1 do
if (FFiles[I].Status = fsToBeQueued) then
begin
if fUploader = nil then
Break;
FileInfo := FFiles[I];
FileInfo.Status := fsQueued;
FFiles[I] := FileInfo;
SaveDebug(1, 'Add: ' + ExtractFileName(FFiles[I].Path));
FUploader.AddFile(FFiles[I]);
end;
end;
procedure TfrmClientMain.tmrGUITimer(Sender: TObject);
var
FileInfo: TFileInfo;
I: Integer;
begin
if (fUploader = nil) or not fUploader.Uploading then
Exit;
FileInfo := fUploader.GetProgress;
I := IndexOfFile(FileInfo.ID);
if (I >= 0) and (I < fFiles.Count) then
begin
fFiles.Items[I] := FileInfo;
fCurrentFileName := ExtractFileName(FileInfo.Path);
colProgressImg.UpdateCell(I);
end;
end;
function TfrmClientMain.IndexOfFile(aID: Integer): Integer;
var
I: Integer;
begin
Result := -1;
for I := 0 to FFiles.Count - 1 do
if FFiles[I].ID = aID then
Exit(I);
end;