Try-catch 旨在帮助处理异常。这意味着它会以某种方式帮助我们的系统变得更加健壮：尝试从意外事件中恢复。
我们怀疑在执行和指令（发送消息）时可能会发生一些事情，所以它被包含在 try 中。如果发生了几乎出乎意料的事情，我们可以做一些事情：我们编写 catch。我不认为我们打电话只是为了记录异常。我认为 catch 块是为了给我们从错误中恢复的机会。
现在，假设我们从错误中恢复，因为我们可以修复错误。重试可能会非常好：
try{ some_instruction(); }
catch (NearlyUnexpectedException e){
fix_the_problem();
retry;
}
这将很快陷入永恒循环，但假设 fix_the_problem 返回 true，然后我们重试。鉴于Java中没有这样的东西，你将如何解决这个问题？解决这个问题的最佳设计代码是什么？
这就像一个哲学问题，因为我已经知道我所要求的不是 Java 直接支持的。
您需要将您的try-catch内部包含在while这样的循环中：-
int count = 0;
int maxTries = 3;
while(true) {
try {
// Some Code
// break out of loop, or return, on success
} catch (SomeException e) {
// handle exception
if (++count == maxTries) throw e;
}
}
我已经采取count并maxTries避免陷入无限循环，以防异常继续发生在您的try block.
强制性“企业”解决方案：
public abstract class Operation {
abstract public void doIt();
public void handleException(Exception cause) {
//default impl: do nothing, log the exception, etc.
}
}
public class OperationHelper {
public static void doWithRetry(int maxAttempts, Operation operation) {
for (int count = 0; count < maxAttempts; count++) {
try {
operation.doIt();
count = maxAttempts; //don't retry
} catch (Exception e) {
operation.handleException(e);
}
}
}
}
并致电：
OperationHelper.doWithRetry(5, new Operation() {
@Override public void doIt() {
//do some stuff
}
@Override public void handleException(Exception cause) {
//recover from the Exception
}
});
像往常一样，最佳设计取决于特定情况。通常，我会写如下内容：
for (int retries = 0;; retries++) {
try {
return doSomething();
} catch (SomeException e) {
if (retries < 6) {
continue;
} else {
throw e;
}
}
}
您通过Failsafe处理的确切场景：
RetryPolicy retryPolicy = new RetryPolicy()
.retryOn(NearlyUnexpectedException.class);
Failsafe.with(retryPolicy)
.onRetry((r, f) -> fix_the_problem())
.run(() -> some_instruction());
很简单。
虽然try/catchintowhile是众所周知的好策略，但我想建议你递归调用：
void retry(int i, int limit) {
try {
} catch (SomeException e) {
// handle exception
if (i >= limit) {
throw e; // variant: wrap the exception, e.g. throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
retry(i++, limit);
}
}
您可以使用来自jcabi-aspects 的AOP 和 Java 注释（我是开发人员）：
@RetryOnFailure(attempts = 3, delay = 5)
public String load(URL url) {
return url.openConnection().getContent();
}
您还可以使用@Loggable和@LogException注释。
这些答案中的大多数基本上是相同的。我的也是，但这是我喜欢的形式
boolean completed = false;
Throwable lastException = null;
for (int tryCount=0; tryCount < config.MAX_SOME_OPERATION_RETRIES; tryCount++)
{
try {
completed = some_operation();
break;
}
catch (UnlikelyException e) {
lastException = e;
fix_the_problem();
}
}
if (!completed) {
reportError(lastException);
}
使用带有本地标志的while循环。status将标志初始化为false并true在操作成功时将其设置为，例如：
boolean success = false;
while(!success){
try{
some_instruction();
success = true;
} catch (NearlyUnexpectedException e){
fix_the_problem();
}
}
这将继续重试，直到成功。
如果您只想重试一定次数，那么也可以使用计数器：
boolean success = false;
int count = 0, MAX_TRIES = 10;
while(!success && count++ < MAX_TRIES){
try{
some_instruction();
success = true;
} catch (NearlyUnexpectedException e){
fix_the_problem();
}
}
if(!success){
//It wasn't successful after 10 retries
}
如果在此之前不成功，这将尝试最多 10 次，如果之前成功则将退出。
Spring AOP 和基于注解的解决方案：
用法（@RetryOperation是我们对作业的自定义注释）：
@RetryOperation(retryCount = 1, waitSeconds = 10)
boolean someMethod() throws Exception {
}
我们需要两件事来完成此操作：1. 注释接口，以及 2. 弹簧方面。这是实现这些的一种方法：
注释接口：
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RetryOperation {
int retryCount();
int waitSeconds();
}
春季方面：
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
@Aspect @Component
public class RetryAspect {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RetryAspect.class);
@Around(value = "@annotation(RetryOperation)")
public Object retryOperation(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
Object response = null;
Method method = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getMethod();
RetryOperation annotation = method.getAnnotation(RetryOperation.class);
int retryCount = annotation.retryCount();
int waitSeconds = annotation.waitSeconds();
boolean successful = false;
do {
try {
response = joinPoint.proceed();
successful = true;
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOGGER.info("Operation failed, retries remaining: {}", retryCount);
retryCount--;
if (retryCount < 0) {
throw ex;
}
if (waitSeconds > 0) {
LOGGER.info("Waiting for {} second(s) before next retry", waitSeconds);
Thread.sleep(waitSeconds * 1000l);
}
}
} while (!successful);
return response;
}
}
这是一个老问题，但解决方案仍然相关。这是我在 Java 8 中的通用解决方案，不使用任何第三方库：
public interface RetryConsumer<T> {
T evaluate() throws Throwable;
}
public interface RetryPredicate<T> {
boolean shouldRetry(T t);
}
public class RetryOperation<T> {
private RetryConsumer<T> retryConsumer;
private int noOfRetry;
private int delayInterval;
private TimeUnit timeUnit;
private RetryPredicate<T> retryPredicate;
private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> exceptionList;
public static class OperationBuilder<T> {
private RetryConsumer<T> iRetryConsumer;
private int iNoOfRetry;
private int iDelayInterval;
private TimeUnit iTimeUnit;
private RetryPredicate<T> iRetryPredicate;
private Class<? extends Throwable>[] exceptionClasses;
private OperationBuilder() {
}
public OperationBuilder<T> retryConsumer(final RetryConsumer<T> retryConsumer) {
this.iRetryConsumer = retryConsumer;
return this;
}
public OperationBuilder<T> noOfRetry(final int noOfRetry) {
this.iNoOfRetry = noOfRetry;
return this;
}
public OperationBuilder<T> delayInterval(final int delayInterval, final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
this.iDelayInterval = delayInterval;
this.iTimeUnit = timeUnit;
return this;
}
public OperationBuilder<T> retryPredicate(final RetryPredicate<T> retryPredicate) {
this.iRetryPredicate = retryPredicate;
return this;
}
@SafeVarargs
public final OperationBuilder<T> retryOn(final Class<? extends Throwable>... exceptionClasses) {
this.exceptionClasses = exceptionClasses;
return this;
}
public RetryOperation<T> build() {
if (Objects.isNull(iRetryConsumer)) {
throw new RuntimeException("'#retryConsumer:RetryConsumer<T>' not set");
}
List<Class<? extends Throwable>> exceptionList = new ArrayList<>();
if (Objects.nonNull(exceptionClasses) && exceptionClasses.length > 0) {
exceptionList = Arrays.asList(exceptionClasses);
}
iNoOfRetry = iNoOfRetry == 0 ? 1 : 0;
iTimeUnit = Objects.isNull(iTimeUnit) ? TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS : iTimeUnit;
return new RetryOperation<>(iRetryConsumer, iNoOfRetry, iDelayInterval, iTimeUnit, iRetryPredicate, exceptionList);
}
}
public static <T> OperationBuilder<T> newBuilder() {
return new OperationBuilder<>();
}
private RetryOperation(RetryConsumer<T> retryConsumer, int noOfRetry, int delayInterval, TimeUnit timeUnit,
RetryPredicate<T> retryPredicate, List<Class<? extends Throwable>> exceptionList) {
this.retryConsumer = retryConsumer;
this.noOfRetry = noOfRetry;
this.delayInterval = delayInterval;
this.timeUnit = timeUnit;
this.retryPredicate = retryPredicate;
this.exceptionList = exceptionList;
}
public T retry() throws Throwable {
T result = null;
int retries = 0;
while (retries < noOfRetry) {
try {
result = retryConsumer.evaluate();
if (Objects.nonNull(retryPredicate)) {
boolean shouldItRetry = retryPredicate.shouldRetry(result);
if (shouldItRetry) {
retries = increaseRetryCountAndSleep(retries);
} else {
return result;
}
} else {
// no retry condition defined, no exception thrown. This is the desired result.
return result;
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
retries = handleException(retries, e);
}
}
return result;
}
private int handleException(int retries, Throwable e) throws Throwable {
if (exceptionList.contains(e.getClass()) || (exceptionList.isEmpty())) {
// exception is excepted, continue retry.
retries = increaseRetryCountAndSleep(retries);
if (retries == noOfRetry) {
// evaluation is throwing exception, no more retry left. Throw it.
throw e;
}
} else {
// unexpected exception, no retry required. Throw it.
throw e;
}
return retries;
}
private int increaseRetryCountAndSleep(int retries) {
retries++;
if (retries < noOfRetry && delayInterval > 0) {
try {
timeUnit.sleep(delayInterval);
} catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
return retries;
}
}
让我们有一个测试用例，例如：
@Test
public void withPredicateAndException() {
AtomicInteger integer = new AtomicInteger();
try {
Integer result = RetryOperation.<Integer>newBuilder()
.retryConsumer(() -> {
int i = integer.incrementAndGet();
if (i % 2 == 1) {
throw new NumberFormatException("Very odd exception");
} else {
return i;
}
})
.noOfRetry(10)
.delayInterval(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.retryPredicate(value -> value <= 6)
.retryOn(NumberFormatException.class, EOFException.class)
.build()
.retry();
Assert.assertEquals(8, result.intValue());
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
Assert.fail();
}
}
解决该问题的一种简单方法是将 try/catch 包装在 while 循环中并保持计数。这样，您可以通过检查其他变量的计数来防止无限循环，同时维护您的失败日志。这不是最精致的解决方案，但它会起作用。
如果它有用，可以考虑更多选项，所有选项都放在一起（停止文件而不是重试，睡眠，继续更大的循环）都可能有用。
bigLoop:
while(!stopFileExists()) {
try {
// do work
break;
}
catch (ExpectedExceptionType e) {
// could sleep in here, too.
// another option would be to "restart" some bigger loop, like
continue bigLoop;
}
// ... more work
}
如果不是所有异常都需要重试，那么只有一些。如果必须至少进行一次尝试，这里是另一种实用方法：
void runWithRetry(Runnable runnable, Class<Exception> exClass, int maxRetries) {
Exception err = null;
do {
maxRetries--;
try {
runnable.run();
err = null;
} catch (Exception e) {
if(exClass.isAssignableFrom(e.getClass())){
err = e;
}else {
throw e;
}
}
} while (err != null && maxRetries > 0);
if (err != null) {
throw err;
}
}
用法：
runWithRetry(() -> {
// do something
}, TimeoutException.class, 5)
Try-Catch 所做的只是让你的程序优雅地失败。在 catch 语句中，您通常会尝试记录错误，并在需要时回滚更改。
bool finished = false;
while(finished == false)
{
try
{
//your code here
finished = true
}
catch(exception ex)
{
log.error("there was an error, ex");
}
}
使用 do-while 来设计重试块。
boolean successful = false;
int maxTries = 3;
do{
try {
something();
success = true;
} catch(Me ifUCan) {
maxTries--;
}
} while (!successful || maxTries > 0)
这里是 Java 8+ 的可重用且更通用的方法，不需要外部库：
public interface IUnreliable<T extends Exception>
{
void tryRun ( ) throws T;
}
public static <T extends Exception> void retry (int retryCount, IUnreliable<T> runnable) throws T {
for (int retries = 0;; retries++) {
try {
runnable.tryRun();
return;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (retries < retryCount) {
continue;
} else {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
用法：
@Test
public void demo() throws IOException {
retry(3, () -> {
new File("/tmp/test.txt").createNewFile();
});
}
您可以使用https://github.com/bnsd55/RetryCatch
例子：
RetryCatch retryCatchSyncRunnable = new RetryCatch();
retryCatchSyncRunnable
// For infinite retry times, just remove this row
.retryCount(3)
// For retrying on all exceptions, just remove this row
.retryOn(ArithmeticException.class, IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
.onSuccess(() -> System.out.println("Success, There is no result because this is a runnable."))
.onRetry((retryCount, e) -> System.out.println("Retry count: " + retryCount + ", Exception message: " + e.getMessage()))
.onFailure(e -> System.out.println("Failure: Exception message: " + e.getMessage()))
.run(new ExampleRunnable());
而不是new ExampleRunnable()你可以传递你自己的匿名函数。
将@ach 之前的解决方案简化为一个文件并使用函数式接口。
public class OperationHelper {
public static void doWithRetry(int maxAttempts, Runnable operation, Consumer<Exception> handle) {
for (int count = 0; count < maxAttempts; count++) {
try {
operation.run();
count = maxAttempts; //don't retry
} catch (Exception e) {
handle.accept(e);
}
}
}
}
我知道这里已经有很多类似的答案，我的答案并没有太大的不同，但无论如何我都会发布它，因为它涉及特定的案例/问题。
在处理facebook Graph APIin时，PHP您有时会出错，但立即重新尝试相同的事情会产生积极的结果（由于各种神奇的互联网原因，超出了这个问题的范围）。在这种情况下，无需修复任何错误，只需再试一次，因为存在某种“facebook错误”。
此代码在创建 facebook 会话后立即使用：
//try more than once because sometimes "facebook error"
$attempt = 3;
while($attempt-- > 0)
{
// To validate the session:
try
{
$facebook_session->validate();
$attempt = 0;
}
catch (Facebook\FacebookRequestException $ex)
{
// Session not valid, Graph API returned an exception with the reason.
if($attempt <= 0){ echo $ex->getMessage(); }
}
catch (\Exception $ex)
{
// Graph API returned info, but it may mismatch the current app or have expired.
if($attempt <= 0){ echo $ex->getMessage(); }
}
}
此外，通过将for循环倒数归零（$attempt--），可以很容易地更改将来的尝试次数。
以下是我的解决方案，方法非常简单！
while (true) {
try {
/// Statement what may cause an error;
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
我不确定这是否是“专业”的方式，我也不完全确定它是否适用于所有事情。
boolean gotError = false;
do {
try {
// Code You're Trying
} catch ( FileNotFoundException ex ) {
// Exception
gotError = true;
}
} while ( gotError = true );
https://github.com/tusharndr/retry-function-wrapper/tree/master/src/main/java/io
int MAX_RETRY = 3;
RetryUtil.<Boolean>retry(MAX_RETRY,() -> {
//Function to retry
return true;
});
其余解决方案的问题是，对应的函数连续尝试，中间没有时间间隔，因此堆栈溢出。
为什么不只是try每秒和ad eternum呢？
这里使用setTimeout和递归函数的解决方案：
(function(){
try{
Run(); //tries for the 1st time, but Run() as function is not yet defined
}
catch(e){
(function retry(){
setTimeout(function(){
try{
console.log("trying...");
Run();
console.log("success!");
}
catch(e){
retry(); //calls recursively
}
}, 1000); //tries every second
}());
}
})();
//after 5 seconds, defines Run as a global function
var Run;
setTimeout(function(){
Run = function(){};
}, 5000);将函数替换为Run()您希望try每秒重新生成的函数或代码。
使用 springs @Retryable 注解试试看，下面的方法会在 RuntimeException 发生时重试 3 次
@Retryable(maxAttempts=3,value= {RuntimeException.class},backoff = @Backoff(delay = 500))
public void checkSpringRetry(String str) {
if(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(str, "R")) {
LOGGER.info("Inside retry.....!!");
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
下面的代码片段执行一些代码片段。如果您在执行代码片段时遇到任何错误，请休眠 M 毫秒并重试。参考链接。
public void retryAndExecuteErrorProneCode(int noOfTimesToRetry, CodeSnippet codeSnippet, int sleepTimeInMillis)
throws InterruptedException {
int currentExecutionCount = 0;
boolean codeExecuted = false;
while (currentExecutionCount < noOfTimesToRetry) {
try {
codeSnippet.errorProneCode();
System.out.println("Code executed successfully!!!!");
codeExecuted = true;
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
// Retry after 100 milliseconds
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(sleepTimeInMillis);
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} finally {
currentExecutionCount++;
}
}
if (!codeExecuted)
throw new RuntimeException("Can't execute the code within given retries : " + noOfTimesToRetry);
}
这是我的解决方案，类似于其他一些可以包装函数的解决方案，但如果成功，则允许您获取函数的返回值。
/**
* Wraps a function with retry logic allowing exceptions to be caught and retires made.
*
* @param function the function to retry
* @param maxRetries maximum number of retires before failing
* @param delay time to wait between each retry
* @param allowedExceptionTypes exception types where if caught a retry will be performed
* @param <V> return type of the function
* @return the value returned by the function if successful
* @throws Exception Either an unexpected exception from the function or a {@link RuntimeException} if maxRetries is exceeded
*/
@SafeVarargs
public static <V> V runWithRetriesAndDelay(Callable<V> function, int maxRetries, Duration delay, Class<? extends Exception>... allowedExceptionTypes) throws Exception {
final Set<Class<? extends Exception>> exceptions = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(allowedExceptionTypes));
for(int i = 1; i <= maxRetries; i++) {
try {
return function.call();
} catch (Exception e) {
if(exceptions.contains(e.getClass())){
// An exception of an expected type
System.out.println("Attempt [" + i + "/" + maxRetries + "] Caught exception [" + e.getClass() + "]");
// Pause for the delay time
Thread.sleep(delay.toMillis());
}else {
// An unexpected exception type
throw e;
}
}
}
throw new RuntimeException(maxRetries + " retries exceeded");
}
简单的
int MAX = 3;
int count = 0;
while (true) {
try {
...
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (count++ < MAX) {
continue;
}
...
break;
}
}
https://onlinegdb.com/a-7RsL1Gh
public void doSomething() throws Exception{
final int MAX_TRIES = 10;
int count = 0;
while(count++ < MAX_TRIES){
try{
System.out.println("trying");
causeIssue(count); // throws error/exception till count 2
System.out.println("trying successful");
break; // break on success
} catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("caught, logging Exception:" + count);
} catch (Error e){
System.out.println("caught, logging Error:" + count);
}
}
}
输出：
trying
caught, logging Error:1
trying
caught, logging Error:2
trying
trying successful