我有以下表格/索引 -
CREATE TABLE test
(
coords geography(Point,4326),
user_id varchar(50),
created_at timestamp
);
CREATE INDEX ix_coords ON test USING GIST (coords);
CREATE INDEX ix_user_id ON test (user_id);
CREATE INDEX ix_created_at ON test (created_at DESC);
这是我要执行的查询:
select *
from updates
where ST_DWithin(coords, ST_MakePoint(-126.4, 45.32)::geography, 30000)
and user_id='3212312'
order by created_at desc
limit 60
当我运行查询时,它只使用ix_coords
索引。如何确保 Postgres对查询也使用ix_user_id
和索引?ix_created_at
这是一个新表,我在其中批量插入了生产数据。表中的总行数test
:15,069,489
我正在使用 (effective_cache_size = 2GB) 运行 PostgreSQL 9.2.1(使用 Postgis)。这是我的本地 OSX,具有 16GB RAM、Core i7/2.5 GHz、非 SSD 磁盘。
添加EXPLAIN ANALYZE
输出 -
Limit (cost=71.64..71.65 rows=1 width=280) (actual time=1278.652..1278.665 rows=60 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=71.64..71.65 rows=1 width=280) (actual time=1278.651..1278.662 rows=60 loops=1)
Sort Key: created_at
Sort Method: top-N heapsort Memory: 33kB
-> Index Scan using ix_coords on test (cost=0.00..71.63 rows=1 width=280) (actual time=0.198..1278.227 rows=178 loops=1)
Index Cond: (coords && '0101000020E61000006666666666E63C40C3F5285C8F824440'::geography)
Filter: (((user_id)::text = '4f1092000b921a000100015c'::text) AND ('0101000020E61000006666666666E63C40C3F5285C8F824440'::geography && _st_expand(coords, 30000::double precision)) AND _st_dwithin(coords, '0101000020E61000006666666666E63C40C3F5285C8F824440'::geography, 30000::double precision, true))
Rows Removed by Filter: 3122459
Total runtime: 1278.701 ms
更新:
根据下面的建议,我尝试了关于 cords + user_id 的索引:
CREATE INDEX ix_coords_and_user_id ON updates USING GIST (coords, user_id);
..但得到以下错误:
ERROR: data type character varying has no default operator class for access method "gist"
HINT: You must specify an operator class for the index or define a default operator class for the data type.
更新:
所以CREATE EXTENSION btree_gist;
解决了 btree/gist 复合索引问题。现在我的索引看起来像
CREATE INDEX ix_coords_user_id_created_at ON test USING GIST (coords, user_id, created_at);
注意:btree_gist 不接受 DESC/ASC。
新的查询计划:
Limit (cost=134.99..135.00 rows=1 width=280) (actual time=273.282..273.292 rows=60 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=134.99..135.00 rows=1 width=280) (actual time=273.281..273.285 rows=60 loops=1)
Sort Key: created_at
Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 41kB
-> Index Scan using ix_updates_coords_user_id_created_at on updates (cost=0.00..134.98 rows=1 width=280) (actual time=0.406..273.110 rows=115 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((coords && '0101000020E61000006666666666E63C40C3F5285C8F824440'::geography) AND ((user_id)::text = '4e952bb5b9a77200010019ad'::text))
Filter: (('0101000020E61000006666666666E63C40C3F5285C8F824440'::geography && _st_expand(coords, 30000::double precision)) AND _st_dwithin(coords, '0101000020E61000006666666666E63C40C3F5285C8F824440'::geography, 30000::double precision, true))
Rows Removed by Filter: 1
Total runtime: 273.331 ms
查询的性能比以前好,几乎快了一秒,但仍然不是很好。我想这是我能得到的最好的??我希望在 60-80 毫秒左右。同样order by created_at desc
从查询中提取,又减少了 100 毫秒,这意味着它无法使用索引。有任何解决这个问题的方法吗?