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我对 python 相当陌生,在我目前的任务中,它查看了 3D 中的粒子。

问题的第一部分要求创建一个程序,将相同的、不重叠的粒子放入立方晶格中。所以我下面的代码只是遍历所有可能的组合,把它放在一个 XYZ 文件中。

xyz 文件采用以下格式:

1000.000000
comment goes here
H 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 2.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 3.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 4.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 5.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 6.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 7.000000
H 0.000000 0.000000 8.000000

我坚持的下一部分希望我做同样的事情,但以随机方式放置它们并限制我拥有的粒子数量。这是我第一部分的代码。

import itertools #will help iterating particles 

#we must set the values of diameter and Length
L=10
d=.5

#this is the intial coordinates of the first particle
x,y,z = 0,0,0
counter=0

#The particles will be spread across, the below ensures that there is no overlap of particles
with open("question1.xyz","w") as file:
    file.write("\ncomment goes here\n") #add comments into the 2nd line of the xyz file
    for x,y,z in itertools.product(range(L),repeat = 3):
        file.write('H %f %f %f\n' % (x, y, z))
        counter=counter+1

#this will put the number of particles as the first line
with open("question1.xyz") as infile:
    with open("q1Output.xyz","w") as outfile:
        for i,line in enumerate(infile):
            if i==0:
                outfile.write('%f\n'%counter)
            else:
                outfile.write(line)

我感到困惑的部分是我应该如何随机化我的粒子/坐标并确保没有重叠。

有任何想法吗?提前致谢!

**编辑:这是我到目前为止所拥有的,除了要求改变 L 并尽量减少运行程序所需的时间的问题 - 不知道是什么

import random
import time

start_time=time.time() 

text_file=open("textfile.xyz","w")
text_file.write("512\n")
text_file.write("Comment goes here\n")

L=12.5
d=1

#place particles
for partciles in range(0,512)
    proxcheck=1
    while proxcheck !=2 #when the particles has been placed, proxcheck will be set=2, and the program will move onto next
    x,y,z=random.random()*L,random.random()*L,random.random()*L #random numbers for positions
    skipfirsttwolines,proxcheck=0,1;

For line in text_file
    skipfirsttwolines=skipfirsttwolines+1;
    if skipfirsttwolines>2: #in xyz file we dont look at first two lines
        proxcheck=0 #if no overlap particle will be placed
        oldvals=line.split(none)
        oldx=float(oldvals[1])
        oldy=float(oldvals[2])
        oldz=float(oldvals[3])

不知道从这里去哪里,或者我是否应该采取这种方法来确保没有重叠

@大卫:

这就是我的想法,有什么建议吗?

x,y,z=[],[],[]
for j in range(0,512):
    x.append(0)
    y.append(0)
    z.append(0)
xyz_line = '\n{0} {1} {2} {3}'.format('O',x[0],y[0],z[0])
f.write(xyz_line)
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1 回答 1

2

您可以使用代码创建一个随机点

import random

p = (random.randint(0, L), random.randint(0, L), random.randint(0, L))

但是如果你需要防止两个在同一个地方,你可以这样做(在设置num_points为你想要的点数之后):

points = set()
while len(points) < num_points:
    p = (random.randint(0, L), random.randint(0, L), random.randint(0, L))
    if p not in points:
        points.add(p)

要将结果点写入文件:

for p in points:
    f.write("%s %s %s\n" % p)
于 2012-10-03T01:01:00.950 回答