4

在 Python 中，有没有办法在对象完成后调用函数？

我认为弱引用中的回调会做到这一点，但似乎一旦对象被垃圾收集，但在调用对象__del__方法之前，弱引用的回调就会被调用。这似乎与Python 主干中关于弱引用和垃圾收集的说明相反。这是一个例子。

import sys
import weakref

class Spam(object) :
  def __init__(self, name) :
    self.name = name

  def __del__(self) :
    sys.stdout.write("Deleting Spam:%s\n" % self.name)
    sys.stdout.flush()

def cleaner(reference) :
  sys.stdout.write("In callback with reference %s\n" % reference)
  sys.stdout.flush()

spam = Spam("first")
wk_spam = weakref.ref(spam, cleaner)
del spam

我得到的输出是

$ python weakref_test.py 
In callback with reference <weakref at 0xc760a8; dead>
Deleting Spam:first

有没有其他传统的方式来做我想做的事？我可以以某种方式强制我的回调完成吗？

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3 回答 3

3

如果“做你想做的事”的意思是“当资源离开上下文时运行代码”（而不是，例如，“滥用垃圾收集器做事”），那么你看错了方向。Python 将整个想法抽象为上下文管理器，与with语句一起使用。

from __future__ import with_statement
import sys
class Spam(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        sys.stdout.write("Entering Spam:%s\n" % self.name)
        sys.stdout.flush()

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        sys.stdout.write("Lets clean up Spam:%s\n" % self.name) 
        if type is None:
            sys.stdout.write("Leaving Spam:%s in peace\n" % self.name)
            return
        else:
            sys.stdout.write("Leaving Spam:%s with Exception:%r\n" % (self.name, value))


with Spam("first") as spam:
    pass

with Spam("2nd") as spam:
    raise Exception("Oh No!")

给出：

Entering Spam:first
Lets clean up Spam:first
Leaving Spam:first in peace
Entering Spam:2nd
Lets clean up Spam:2nd
Leaving Spam:2nd with Exception:Exception('Oh No!',)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "asd.py", line 24, in <module>
    raise Exception("Oh No!")
Exception: Oh No!
于 2009-08-04T17:40:40.690 回答
0

这是一个在另一个线程上使用序列化垃圾循环的解决方案。它可能是您将获得的最接近的解决方案。

import sys
from threading import Thread
from Queue import Queue
import weakref

alive = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
dump = Queue()

def garbageloop():
    while True:
        f = dump.get()
        f()

garbage_thread = Thread(target=garbageloop)
garbage_thread.daemon = True
garbage_thread.start()

class Spam(object) :
  def __init__(self, name) :
    self.name = name
    alive[id(self)] = self

  def __del__(self) :
    sys.stdout.write("Deleting Spam:%s\n" % self.name)
    sys.stdout.flush()
    dump.put(lambda:cleaner(id(self)))

def cleaner(address):
  if address in alive:
    sys.stdout.write("Object was still alive\n")
  else:
    sys.stdout.write("Object is dead\n")
  sys.stdout.flush()

spam = Spam("first")
del spam
于 2009-08-04T19:52:40.957 回答
0

__del__有关弱引用和垃圾收集的“比你想知道的更多”的文档，请查看 cpython 源代码中的Modules/gc_weakref.txt。

于 2020-04-16T14:54:30.690 回答