在我们的内部服务器上执行数据库备份时,我太松懈了。
是否有一个简单的命令行程序可以用来备份 SQL Server 2005 中的某些数据库?还是有一个简单的VBScript?
在我们的内部服务器上执行数据库备份时,我太松懈了。
是否有一个简单的命令行程序可以用来备份 SQL Server 2005 中的某些数据库?还是有一个简单的VBScript?
我使用ExpressMaint。
例如,要备份所有用户数据库:
C:\>ExpressMaint.exe -S (local)\sqlexpress -D ALL_USER -T DB -BU HOURS -BV 1 -B c:\backupdir\ -DS
安排以下备份所有数据库:
Use Master
Declare @ToExecute VarChar(8000)
Select @ToExecute = Coalesce(@ToExecute + 'Backup Database ' + [Name] + ' To Disk = ''D:\Backups\Databases\' + [Name] + '.bak'' With Format;' + char(13),'')
From
Master..Sysdatabases
Where
[Name] Not In ('tempdb')
and databasepropertyex ([Name],'Status') = 'online'
Execute(@ToExecute)
我的博客上还有更多详细信息:如何自动化 SQL Server Express 备份。
我在 Microsoft 支持页面http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2019698上找到了这个。
效果很好!而且由于它来自微软,我觉得它很合法。
基本上有两个步骤。
从您的任务计划程序计划备份。您可能希望先放入 .bat 或 .cmd 文件,然后安排该文件。
sqlcmd -S YOUR_SERVER_NAME\SQLEXPRESS -E -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='C:\SQL_Backup\', @backupType='F'" 1>c:\SQL_Backup\backup.log
显然,将 YOUR_SERVER_NAME 替换为您的计算机名称,或者选择尝试 .\SQLEXPRESS 并确保备份文件夹存在。在这种情况下,它试图将其放入 c:\SQL_Backup
您可以通过 ApexSQL 使用备份应用程序。虽然它是一个 GUI 应用程序,但它的所有功能都在 CLI 中支持。可以执行一次性备份操作,也可以创建一个定期备份指定数据库的作业。您可以查看文章中的切换规则和示例:
我在 Linux/UNIX 基础架构上使用 tsql 来访问 MSSQL 数据库。这是一个将表转储到文件的简单 shell 脚本:
#!/usr/bin/ksh
#
#.....
(
tsql -S {database} -U {user} -P {password} <<EOF
select * from {table}
go
quit
EOF
) >{output_file.dump}
最终,如果您没有 –E 开关声明的受信任连接
使用以下命令行
"[program dir]\[sql server version]\Tools\Binn\osql.exe" -Q "BACKUP DATABASE mydatabase TO DISK='C:\tmp\db.bak'" -S [server] –U [login id] -P [password]
在哪里
[program dir]是osql.exe所在的目录
在 32 位操作系统上 c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\
在 64 位操作系统上 c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\
[sql server version] 你的sql server version 110 or 100 or 90 or 80 开头最大数
[服务器] 你的服务器名称或服务器 ip
[登录 id] 你的 ms-sql 服务器用户登录名
[密码] 所需的登录密码
Microsoft 对在 SQL Express 上备份所有用户数据库的回答如下:
该过程是:复制、粘贴和执行他们的代码(见下文。我在顶部注释了一些奇怪的未注释行)作为数据库服务器上的查询。这意味着您应该首先安装 SQL Server Management Studio(或者使用 SSMS 连接到您的数据库服务器)。此代码执行将在您的数据库服务器上创建一个存储过程。
创建一个批处理文件来执行存储过程,然后使用任务计划程序来安排该批处理文件的定期(例如每晚)运行。我的代码(有效)是他们第一个示例的略微修改版本:
sqlcmd -S .\SQLEXPRESS -E -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='E:\SQLBackups\', @backupType='F'"
这对我有用,我喜欢它。每次运行它时,都会创建新的备份文件。您需要设计一种定期删除旧备份文件的方法。我已经有一个做这种事情的例程,所以我会在磁盘上保留几天的备份(足够长的时间让他们得到我的正常备份例程的备份),然后我会删除它们。换句话说,我手头上总是有几天的备份,而不必从我的备份系统中恢复。
我将在下面粘贴 Microsoft 的存储过程创建脚本:
--// Copyright © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
--// This code released under the terms of the
--// Microsoft Public License (MS-PL, http://opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html.)
USE [master]
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases] ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: Microsoft
-- Create date: 2010-02-06
-- Description: Backup Databases for SQLExpress
-- Parameter1: databaseName
-- Parameter2: backupType F=full, D=differential, L=log
-- Parameter3: backup file location
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases]
@databaseName sysname = null,
@backupType CHAR(1),
@backupLocation nvarchar(200)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @DBs TABLE
(
ID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
DBNAME nvarchar(500)
)
-- Pick out only databases which are online in case ALL databases are chosen to be backed up
-- If specific database is chosen to be backed up only pick that out from @DBs
INSERT INTO @DBs (DBNAME)
SELECT Name FROM master.sys.databases
where state=0
AND name=@DatabaseName
OR @DatabaseName IS NULL
ORDER BY Name
-- Filter out databases which do not need to backed up
IF @backupType='F'
BEGIN
DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','AdventureWorks')
END
ELSE IF @backupType='D'
BEGIN
DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
END
ELSE IF @backupType='L'
BEGIN
DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
END
ELSE
BEGIN
RETURN
END
-- Declare variables
DECLARE @BackupName varchar(100)
DECLARE @BackupFile varchar(100)
DECLARE @DBNAME varchar(300)
DECLARE @sqlCommand NVARCHAR(1000)
DECLARE @dateTime NVARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @Loop int
-- Loop through the databases one by one
SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs
WHILE @Loop IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- Database Names have to be in [dbname] format since some have - or _ in their name
SET @DBNAME = '['+(SELECT DBNAME FROM @DBs WHERE ID = @Loop)+']'
-- Set the current date and time n yyyyhhmmss format
SET @dateTime = REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),101),'/','') + '_' + REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),108),':','')
-- Create backup filename in path\filename.extension format for full,diff and log backups
IF @backupType = 'F'
SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_FULL_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
ELSE IF @backupType = 'D'
SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_DIFF_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
ELSE IF @backupType = 'L'
SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_LOG_'+ @dateTime+ '.TRN'
-- Provide the backup a name for storing in the media
IF @backupType = 'F'
SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' full backup for '+ @dateTime
IF @backupType = 'D'
SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' differential backup for '+ @dateTime
IF @backupType = 'L'
SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' log backup for '+ @dateTime
-- Generate the dynamic SQL command to be executed
IF @backupType = 'F'
BEGIN
SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+ ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
END
IF @backupType = 'D'
BEGIN
SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+ ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
END
IF @backupType = 'L'
BEGIN
SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP LOG ' +@DBNAME+ ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
END
-- Execute the generated SQL command
EXEC(@sqlCommand)
-- Goto the next database
SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs where ID>@Loop
END
这是一个示例,它将备份数据库,使用7zip压缩并删除备份文件,因此与存储相关的问题也解决了。在这个例子中,我使用 7zip,它是免费的
@echo off
CLS
echo Running dump ...
sqlcmd -S SERVER\SQLEXPRESS -U username -P password -Q "BACKUP DATABASE master TO DISK='D:\DailyDBBackup\DB_master_%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%%date:~-4,4%.bak'"
echo Zipping ...
"C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe" a -tzip "D:\DailyDBBackup\DB_master_%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%%date:~-4,4%_%time:~0,2%%time:~3,2%%time:~6,2%.bak.zip" "D:\DailyDBBackup\DB_master_%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%%date:~-4,4%.bak"
echo Deleting the SQL file ...
del "D:\DailyDBBackup\DB_master_%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%%date:~-4,4%.bak"
echo Done!
将此保存为 sqlbackup.bat 并安排它每天运行。
如果您只想进行备份,那么您可以创建脚本而无需压缩和删除。
您可以使用我专门为此目的编写的 VB 脚本: https ://github.com/ezrarieben/mssql-backup-vbs/
在“任务计划程序”中安排任务以根据需要执行脚本,它将整个数据库备份到 BAK 文件并将其保存在您指定的任何位置。
SET NOCOUNT ON;
declare @PATH VARCHAR(200)='D:\MyBackupFolder\'
-- path where you want to take backups
IF OBJECT_ID('TEMPDB..#back') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #back
CREATE TABLE #back
(
RN INT IDENTITY (1,1),
DatabaseName NVARCHAR(200)
)
INSERT INTO #back
SELECT 'MyDatabase1'
UNION SELECT 'MyDatabase2'
UNION SELECT 'MyDatabase3'
UNION SELECT 'MyDatabase4'
-- your databases List
DECLARE @COUNT INT =0 , @RN INT =1, @SCRIPT NVARCHAR(MAX)='', @DBNAME VARCHAR(200)
PRINT '---------------------FULL BACKUP SCRIPT-------------------------'+CHAR(10)
SET @COUNT = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #back)
PRINT 'USE MASTER'+CHAR(10)
WHILE(@COUNT > = @RN)
BEGIN
SET @DBNAME =(SELECT DatabaseName FROM #back WHERE RN=@RN)
SET @SCRIPT ='BACKUP DATABASE ' +'['+@DBNAME+']'+CHAR(10)+'TO DISK =N'''+@PATH+@DBNAME+ N'_Backup_'
+ REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( CAST ( CAST ( GETDATE () AS DATETIME2 ) AS VARCHAR ( 100 )), '-' , '_' ), ' ' , '_' ), '.' , '_' ), ':' , '' )+'.bak'''+CHAR(10)+'WITH COMPRESSION, STATS = 10'+CHAR(10)+'GO'+CHAR(10)
PRINT @SCRIPT
SET @RN=@RN+1
END
PRINT '---------------------DIFF BACKUP SCRIPT-------------------------'+CHAR(10)
SET @COUNT =0 SET @RN =1 SET @SCRIPT ='' SET @DBNAME =''
SET @COUNT = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #back)
PRINT 'USE MASTER'+CHAR(10)
WHILE(@COUNT > = @RN)
BEGIN
SET @DBNAME =(SELECT DatabaseName FROM #back WHERE RN=@RN)
SET @SCRIPT ='BACKUP DATABASE ' +'['+@DBNAME+']'+CHAR(10)+'TO DISK =N'''+@PATH+@DBNAME+ N'_Backup_'
+ REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( CAST ( CAST ( GETDATE () AS DATETIME2 ) AS VARCHAR ( 100 )), '-' , '_' ), ' ' , '_' ), '.' , '_' ), ':' , '' )+'.diff'''+CHAR(10)+'WITH DIFFERENTIAL, COMPRESSION, STATS = 10'+CHAR(10)+'GO'+CHAR(10)
PRINT @SCRIPT
SET @RN=@RN+1
END
当您在日常工作中处理 dockerised mssql 容器并希望从表中快速转储数据时,这会很有帮助。当您非常频繁地重新构建 db 容器并且不想在重新构建后丢失测试数据时,我特别发现它很有用。
Export data using bcp utility
/opt/mssql-tools/bin/bcp <Table_Name> out /tmp/MyData.bcp -d <database_name> -c -U <user_name> -P "<password>" -S <server_name>
Import data using bcp utility
/opt/mssql-tools/bin/bcp <Table_Name> IN /tmp/MyData.bcp -d <database_name> -c -U <user_name> -P "<password>" -S <server_name>
如果你能找到数据库文件...“cp DBFiles backup/”
在大多数情况下几乎可以肯定是不可取的,但这就像所有的起床一样简单。