那么:欢迎来到 R 世界 ;-)
干得好
设置代码
urls <- c(
"http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/connections.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz",
"xxxxx"
)
readUrl <- function(url) {
out <- tryCatch(
{
# Just to highlight: if you want to use more than one
# R expression in the "try" part then you'll have to
# use curly brackets.
# 'tryCatch()' will return the last evaluated expression
# in case the "try" part was completed successfully
message("This is the 'try' part")
readLines(con=url, warn=FALSE)
# The return value of `readLines()` is the actual value
# that will be returned in case there is no condition
# (e.g. warning or error).
# You don't need to state the return value via `return()` as code
# in the "try" part is not wrapped inside a function (unlike that
# for the condition handlers for warnings and error below)
},
error=function(cond) {
message(paste("URL does not seem to exist:", url))
message("Here's the original error message:")
message(cond)
# Choose a return value in case of error
return(NA)
},
warning=function(cond) {
message(paste("URL caused a warning:", url))
message("Here's the original warning message:")
message(cond)
# Choose a return value in case of warning
return(NULL)
},
finally={
# NOTE:
# Here goes everything that should be executed at the end,
# regardless of success or error.
# If you want more than one expression to be executed, then you
# need to wrap them in curly brackets ({...}); otherwise you could
# just have written 'finally=<expression>'
message(paste("Processed URL:", url))
message("Some other message at the end")
}
)
return(out)
}
应用代码
> y <- lapply(urls, readUrl)
Processed URL: http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/connections.html
Some other message at the end
Processed URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz
Some other message at the end
URL does not seem to exist: xxxxx
Here's the original error message:
cannot open the connection
Processed URL: xxxxx
Some other message at the end
Warning message:
In file(con, "r") : cannot open file 'xxxxx': No such file or directory
调查输出
> head(y[[1]])
[1] "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"
[2] "<html><head><title>R: Functions to Manipulate Connections</title>"
[3] "<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\">"
[4] "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"R.css\">"
[5] "</head><body>"
[6] ""
> length(y)
[1] 3
> y[[3]]
[1] NA
附加说明
试着抓
tryCatch
返回与执行相关的值,expr
除非出现错误或警告。return(NA)
在这种情况下,可以通过提供相应的处理函数来指定特定的返回值(见上文)(见 argumentserror
和warning
in ?tryCatch
)。这些可以是已经存在的函数,但您也可以在其中定义它们tryCatch()
(就像我在上面所做的那样)。
选择处理函数的特定返回值的含义
正如我们已经指定NA
在发生错误时应该返回的那样,第三个元素y
是NA
. 如果我们选择作为NULL
返回值,那么 的长度y
将会是2
而不是简单地“忽略”返回值是. 另请注意,如果您未通过 指定显式返回值,则处理程序函数将返回(即在出现错误或警告条件的情况下)。3
lapply()
NULL
return()
NULL
“不需要的”警告消息
由于warn=FALSE
似乎没有任何效果,抑制警告的另一种方法(在这种情况下并不真正感兴趣)是使用
suppressWarnings(readLines(con=url))
代替
readLines(con=url, warn=FALSE)
多个表达式
请注意,如果将多个表达式括在大括号中(就像我在该部分中说明的那样)expr
,您还可以将多个表达式放在“实际表达式部分”(的参数)中。tryCatch()
finally