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我看到一些涉及 monad 实例的奇怪行为。我正在编写一个快照应用程序,并且在我的一个处理程序中,除非我创建一个函数,否则它不会编译。

withManager像这样直接在我的处理程序中调用:

authenticateLanding :: Handler App App ()
authenticateLanding = do
    req <- getRequest
    oir <- liftIO $ withManager $ OpenId.authenticateClaimed (convertParams req)
    writeBS (fromString $ show oir)

导致此编译时错误

openIDTrial.hs:120:25:
    No instance for (Control.Monad.Trans.Control.MonadBaseControl
                       IO m1)
      arising from a use of `withManager'
    Possible fix:
      add an instance declaration for
      (Control.Monad.Trans.Control.MonadBaseControl IO m1)
    In the expression: withManager
    In the second argument of `($)', namely
      `withManager $ OpenId.authenticateClaimed (convertParams req)'
    In a stmt of a 'do' block:
      oir <- liftIO
             $ withManager $ OpenId.authenticateClaimed (convertParams req)

但是,如果我把它放在一个函数中,那么我不会得到那个错误

claim params = liftIO $ withManager $ OpenId.authenticateClaimed (params)

authenticateLanding :: Handler App App ()
authenticateLanding = do
    req <- getRequest
    oir <- claim (convertParams req)
    writeBS (fromString $ show oir)

这一点没有任何意义,因为声明函数看起来不会为编译器添加任何额外信息。

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