3

在纯函数式编程中,执行顺序无关紧要,因此是不确定的(即取决于编译器)。如果您有副作用,则执行顺序确实很重要。那么如何在 F# 中定义呢?

我有一个函数可以递归删除给定路径的所有空子文件夹。此外,如果它们的名称在给定列表中,它会删除其中包含的一些文件。

算法很简单:

  1. 删除列表中的所有文件。
  2. 对子文件夹进行递归调用。
  3. 如果文件夹为空,请删除该文件夹。这必须是最后一步。

此外,该函数以元组的形式返回已删除元素的数量(已删除文件夹的数量、已删除文件的数量)。

这是我的代码:

let rec DeleteEmptyFolders path filenames =
    // Deletes a file or folder using the given function.
    // Returns 1 if the file could be deleted, otherwise 0.
    let Delete delete name =
        try
            delete name;
            1
        with
            | _ -> 0

    // The function result (number of deleted folders and files).
    let deletedFolders (a, _) = a
    let deletedFiles   (_, a) = a

    let accumulator a b = 
        ( deletedFolders a + deletedFolders b,
          deletedFiles a + deletedFiles b )

    // Deletes the given files and returns the number of deleted elements.
    let DeleteFiles folder names =
        names
        |> Seq.map (fun n -> Path.Combine (folder, n))
        |> Seq.map (fun n -> Delete File.Delete n)
        |> Seq.reduce (+)

    // Deletes the folder if it is empty
    // (Directory.Delete will fail if it is not empty).
    let DeleteFolder folder = Delete Directory.Delete folder

    // The recursive call
    let DeleteEmptySubFolders folder files =
        Directory.EnumerateDirectories folder
        |> Seq.map (fun p -> DeleteEmptyFolders p files)
        |> Seq.reduce (accumulator)

    // Three functions are executed: DeleteEmptySubFolders, DeleteFolder and DeleteFiles
    // But it has to be done in the correct order: DeleteFolder must be executed last.
    accumulator (DeleteEmptySubFolders path filenames) (DeleteFolder path, DeleteFiles path filenames)

我可以弄清楚 DeleteEmptySubFolders 首先执行,然后是 DeleteFolder 和 DeleteFiles。这是函数在代码中出现的顺序。但我不认为这是 F# 的规则,它只是编译器决定的。它可以是任何其他命令。

当然,我可以交换代码最后一行中的元素。编译器会相应地更改执行顺序。但由于这不是语言的规则,这只是运气。

在关于这个主题的另一个问题中,我读到值(即没有参数的函数)按照它们声明的顺序进行初始化。

let firstCall  = DeleteFiles path filenames
let secondCall = DeleteEmptySubFolders path filenames
let thirdCall  = DeleteFolder path

accumulator (secondCall) (thirdCall, firstCall)

现在电话的顺序是正确的。但同样:这是 F# 的规则还是编译器的工作原理?(如果不使用这些函数,编译器可能决定根本不初始化这些值)

如果我想告诉 F# 执行顺序很重要以及每次调用应该何时完成,我应该如何写最后一行?是否有关键字或特殊语法将函数标记为无副作用?

4

2 回答 2

7

F# 不是纯函数式编程语言:函数和值将按从上到下、从左到右的顺序计算。

于 2012-08-05T00:34:09.970 回答
1

我认为最好将您的代码编写为

let firstCall  = DeleteFiles path filenames
let secondCall = DeleteEmptySubFolders path filenames
let thirdCall  = DeleteFolder path

accumulator (secondCall) (thirdCall, firstCall)
于 2012-08-05T00:43:49.833 回答