更新:我的问题已经解决,我更新了问题中的代码源以匹配 Jason 的答案。请注意,rikitikitik 的答案是解决从带有替换的样本中挑选卡片的问题。
我想从加权列表中选择 x 个随机元素。采样不更换。我找到了这个答案:https ://stackoverflow.com/a/2149533/57369 ,在 Python 中有一个实现。我用 C# 实现了它并对其进行了测试。但结果(如下所述)与我的预期不符。我对 Python 一无所知,所以我很确定我在将代码移植到 C# 时犯了一个错误,但我看不到 Pythong 中的代码在哪里得到了很好的记录。
我选了一张卡 10000 次,这是我得到的结果(结果是一致的跨执行):
Card 1: 18.25 % (10.00 % expected)
Card 2: 26.85 % (30.00 % expected)
Card 3: 46.22 % (50.00 % expected)
Card 4: 8.68 % (10.00 % expected)
如您所见,卡片 1 和卡片 4 的权重均为 1,但卡片 1 的选择次数比卡片 4 更频繁(即使我选择了 2 或 3 张卡片)。
测试数据:
var cards = new List<Card>
{
new Card { Id = 1, AttributionRate = 1 }, // 10 %
new Card { Id = 2, AttributionRate = 3 }, // 30 %
new Card { Id = 3, AttributionRate = 5 }, // 50 %
new Card { Id = 4, AttributionRate = 1 }, // 10 %
};
这是我在 C# 中的实现
public class CardAttributor : ICardsAttributor
{
private static Random random = new Random();
private List<Node> GenerateHeap(List<Card> cards)
{
List<Node> nodes = new List<Node>();
nodes.Add(null);
foreach (Card card in cards)
{
nodes.Add(new Node(card.AttributionRate, card, card.AttributionRate));
}
for (int i = nodes.Count - 1; i > 1; i--)
{
nodes[i>>1].TotalWeight += nodes[i].TotalWeight;
}
return nodes;
}
private Card PopFromHeap(List<Node> heap)
{
Card card = null;
int gas = random.Next(heap[1].TotalWeight);
int i = 1;
while (gas >= heap[i].Weight)
{
gas -= heap[i].Weight;
i <<= 1;
if (gas >= heap[i].TotalWeight)
{
gas -= heap[i].TotalWeight;
i += 1;
}
}
int weight = heap[i].Weight;
card = heap[i].Value;
heap[i].Weight = 0;
while (i > 0)
{
heap[i].TotalWeight -= weight;
i >>= 1;
}
return card;
}
public List<Card> PickMultipleCards(List<Card> cards, int cardsToPickCount)
{
List<Card> pickedCards = new List<Card>();
List<Node> heap = GenerateHeap(cards);
for (int i = 0; i < cardsToPickCount; i++)
{
pickedCards.Add(PopFromHeap(heap));
}
return pickedCards;
}
}
class Node
{
public int Weight { get; set; }
public Card Value { get; set; }
public int TotalWeight { get; set; }
public Node(int weight, Card value, int totalWeight)
{
Weight = weight;
Value = value;
TotalWeight = totalWeight;
}
}
public class Card
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public int AttributionRate { get; set; }
}