我试图让 UTF-8 字符与 ANSI 8 位字符共存。我的策略是表示 utf-8 字符,unsigned char
以便可以为这两种字符类型使用适当的函数重载。
例如
namespace MyStuff
{
typedef uchar utf8_t;
typedef std::basic_string<utf8_t> U8string;
}
void SomeFunc(std::string &s);
void SomeFunc(std::wstring &s);
void SomeFunc(MyStuff::U8string &s);
在我尝试使用字符串流之前,这一切都很好。
std::basic_ostringstream<MyStuff::utf8_t> ostr;
ostr << 1;
MSVC Visual C++ Express V10 不会编译这个:
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xlocmon(213):
warning C4273: 'id' : inconsistent dll linkage
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xlocnum(65) :
see previous definition of
'public: static std::locale::id std::numpunct<unsigned char>::id'
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xlocnum(65) :
while compiling class template static data member 'std::locale::id
std::numpunct<_Elem>::id'
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t
]
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xlocnum(1149) :
see reference to function template instantiation
'const _Facet &std::use_facet<std::numpunct<_Elem>>(const std::locale &)'
being compiled
with
[
_Facet=std::numpunct<Tk::utf8_t>,
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t
]
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xlocnum(1143) :
while compiling class template member function
'std::ostreambuf_iterator<_Elem,_Traits>
std::num_put<_Elem,_OutIt>::
do_put(_OutIt,std::ios_base &,_Elem,std::_Bool) const'
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t,
_Traits=std::char_traits<Tk::utf8_t>,
_OutIt=std::ostreambuf_iterator<Tk::utf8_t,std::char_traits<Tk::utf8_t>>
]
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(295) :
see reference to class template instantiation 'std::num_put<_Elem,_OutIt>'
being compiled
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t,
_OutIt=std::ostreambuf_iterator<Tk::utf8_t,std::char_traits<Tk::utf8_t>>
]
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(281) :
while compiling class template member function
'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &
std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator <<(int)'
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t,
_Traits=std::char_traits<Tk::utf8_t>
]
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\sstream(526) :
see reference to class template instantiation
'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits>' being compiled
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t,
_Traits=std::char_traits<Tk::utf8_t>
]
c:\users\michael\dvl\tmp\console\console.cpp(23) :
see reference to class template instantiation
'std::basic_ostringstream<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc>' being compiled
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t,
_Traits=std::char_traits<Tk::utf8_t>,
_Alloc=std::allocator<uchar>
]
.
c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xlocmon(213):
error C2491: 'std::numpunct<_Elem>::id' : definition of dllimport
static data member not allowed
with
[
_Elem=Tk::utf8_t
]
有任何想法吗?
** 2012 年 6 月 19 日编辑 **
好的,我已经更接近于理解这一点,但不是如何解决它。
众所周知,静态类变量被定义两次:
- 一次在类定义和
- 一旦在建立存储空间的类定义之外。
例如
// in .h file
class CFoo
{
// ...
static int x;
};
// in .cpp file
int CFoo::x = 42;
现在在 VC10 头文件中,我们得到如下内容:
template<class _Elem>
class numpunct : public locale::facet
{
// ...
_CRTIMP2_PURE static locale::id id;
// ...
}
当标头包含在应用程序中时,_CRTIMP2_PURE
定义为__declspec(dllimport)
,这意味着该变量是从 dll 导入的。
现在标题还包含以下内容
template<class _Elem>
locale::id numpunct<_Elem>::id;
请注意没有__declspec(dllimport)
限定符。
即类声明说id
变量的静态链接在dll中,但对于一般情况,它被声明在dll之外。
对于已知的案例,有专门的。
template locale::id numpunct<char>::id;
template locale::id numpunct<wchar_t>::id;
它们受#if
s 保护,因此仅在构建 DLL 时才包含它们。否则它们将被排除在外。
即numpunct的char
和版本在 dll 中wchar_t
所以我们有类定义说 id 的存储在 DLL 中,但这仅适用于char
和wchar_t
专业化,这意味着我的 unsigned char 版本注定要失败。:-(
我能想到的唯一方法是创建自己的专业:基本上是从头文件中复制并修复它。这引发了许多问题。
有人有更好的主意吗?