mysql - 如何将数据库中的所有表转换为一种排序规则？

Question

我收到错误：

非法混合排序规则 (utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT) 和 (utf8_unicode_ci,IMPLICIT) 用于操作 '='"

我尝试手动更改这两个表，utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT但我仍然收到错误消息。

有没有办法将所有表格转换为utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT并完成它？

Answer 1

您需要为每个表执行一个 alter table 语句。该声明将遵循以下形式：

ALTER TABLE tbl_name
[[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name]
[COLLATE collation_name]

现在要获取数据库中的所有表，您需要执行以下查询：

SELECT * 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="YourDataBaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";

所以现在让 MySQL 为你编写代码：

SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," COLLATE your_collation_name_here;") AS    ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="YourDatabaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";

您可以复制结果并执行它们。我没有测试语法，但你应该能够弄清楚其余的。把它想象成一个小练习。

希望有帮助！

Answer 2

更好的选择也可以更改表内 varchar 列的排序规则

SELECT CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', TABLE_NAME,'` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;') AS    mySQL
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= "myschema"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"

另外，如果您在启动束脚本之前在非 utf8 列上有带有外键的数据，请使用

SET foreign_key_checks = 0;

这意味着全局 SQL 将用于 mySQL ：

SET foreign_key_checks = 0;
ALTER TABLE `table1` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
ALTER TABLE `table2` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
ALTER TABLE `tableXXX` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
SET foreign_key_checks = 1;

但请注意，如果根据 mysql 文档http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/charset-column.html，

如果使用 ALTER TABLE 将列从一个字符集转换为另一个，MySQL 会尝试映射数据值，但如果字符集不兼容，则可能会丢失数据。"

编辑：特别是对于列类型枚举，它只是使枚举集完全崩溃（即使没有特殊字符） https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=26731

Answer 3

@Namphibian 的建议对我有很大帮助......
不过更进一步，并在脚本中添加了列和视图

只需在下面输入您的架构名称，剩下的就交给它了

-- set your table name here
SET @MY_SCHEMA = "";

-- tables
SELECT DISTINCT
    CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;") as queries
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
  AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"

UNION

-- table columns
SELECT DISTINCT
    CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", C.TABLE_NAME, " CHANGE ", C.COLUMN_NAME, " ", C.COLUMN_NAME, " ", C.COLUMN_TYPE, " CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;") as queries
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS as C
    LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES as T
        ON C.TABLE_NAME = T.TABLE_NAME
WHERE C.COLLATION_NAME is not null
    AND C.TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
    AND T.TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"

UNION

-- views
SELECT DISTINCT
    CONCAT("CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ", V.TABLE_NAME, " AS ", V.VIEW_DEFINITION, ";") as queries
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS as V
    LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES as T
        ON V.TABLE_NAME = T.TABLE_NAME
WHERE V.TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
    AND T.TABLE_TYPE="VIEW";

Answer 4

下面是更准确的查询。我正在举例说明如何将其转换为 utf8

SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE `", TABLE_NAME,"` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;") AS    mySQL
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="myschema"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"

Answer 5

如果您使用的是 PhpMyAdmin，您现在可以：

1. 选择数据库。
2. 单击“操作”选项卡。
3. 在“排序规则”部分下，选择所需的排序规则。
4. 单击“更改所有表排序规则”复选框。
5. 将出现一个新的“更改所有表格列排序规则”复选框。
6. 单击“更改所有表列排序规则”复选框。
7. 单击“开始”按钮。

我有超过 250 个表格要转换。花了5分钟多一点。

Answer 6

你可以使用这个 BASH 脚本：

#!/bin/bash

USER="YOUR_DATABASE_USER"
PASSWORD="YOUR_USER_PASSWORD"
DB_NAME="DATABASE_NAME"
CHARACTER_SET="utf8" # your default character set
COLLATE="utf8_general_ci" # your default collation

tables=`mysql -u $USER -p$PASSWORD -e "SELECT tbl.TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLES tbl WHERE tbl.TABLE_SCHEMA = '$DB_NAME' AND tbl.TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'"`

for tableName in $tables; do
    if [[ "$tableName" != "TABLE_NAME" ]] ; then
        mysql -u $USER -p$PASSWORD -e "ALTER TABLE $DB_NAME.$tableName DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $CHARACTER_SET COLLATE $COLLATE;"
        echo "$tableName - done"
    fi
done

Answer 7

对于 phpMyAdmin，我发现了这一点：

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;" SEPARATOR ' ') AS    OneSQLString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="yourtableschemaname"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"

只需更改您的tableschemaname 就可以了。

Answer 8

这是我的 bash 脚本版本。它将数据库名称作为参数，并将所有表转换为另一个字符集和排序规则（由脚本中定义的另一个参数或默认值给出）。

#!/bin/bash

# mycollate.sh <database> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables

DB="$1"
CHARSET="$2"
COLL="$3"

[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"

echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql

echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s | (
    while read TABLE; do
        echo $DB.$TABLE
        echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql $DB
    done
)

Answer 9

通过添加密码变量，进一步从@Petr Stastny 获得答案。如果它实际上像普通密码而不是作为参数一样接收它，我更喜欢它，但它可以满足我的需要。

#!/bin/bash

# mycollate.sh <database> <password> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables

DB="$1"
PW="$2"
CHARSET="$3"
COLL="$4"

[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$PW" ]
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_bin"

PW="--password=""$PW"

echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql -u root "$PW"

echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s "$PW" | (
    while read TABLE; do
        echo $DB.$TABLE
        echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql "$PW" $DB
    done
)

PW="pleaseEmptyMeNow"

Answer 10

从 GH 开始，我添加了用户和主机参数，以防您需要在远程服务器上执行此操作

    #!/bin/bash

    # mycollate.sh <database> <user> <password> [<host> <charset> <collation>]
    # changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
    # all columns in all tables

    DB="$1"
    USER="$2"
    PW="$3"
    HOST="$4"
    CHARSET="$5"
    COLL="$6"

    [ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
    [ -n "$USER" ] || exit 1
    [ -n "$PW" ] || exit 1
    [ -n "$HOST" ] || HOST="localhost"
    [ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
    [ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"

    PW="--password=""$PW"
    HOST="--host=""$HOST"
    USER="--user=""$USER"

    echo $DB
    echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql "$HOST" "$USER" "$PW"

    echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql  "$HOST" "$USER" "$PW" | (
        while read TABLE; do
            echo $DB.$TABLE
            echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql  "$HOST" "$USER" "$PW" $DB
        done
    )

    PW="pleaseEmptyMeNow"

Answer 11

如果你想要一个复制粘贴 bash 脚本：

var=$(mysql -e 'SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_czech_ci;") AS execTabs FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="zabbix" AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"' -uroot -p )

var+='ALTER DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'

echo $var | cut -d " " -f2- | mysql -uroot -p zabbix

将 zabbix 更改为您的数据库名称。

Answer 12

我将使用 MySQL 程序分享我的答案。您需要运行 3 条 sql 命令。

1.

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS UpdateTable;

2.

DELIMITER $$

CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateTable()
BEGIN

    DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
    DECLARE _table_name CHAR(255);
    DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR
            SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables
            WHERE table_schema = 'my_db_name' AND table_type = "BASE TABLE";
    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;

    OPEN cur;
    My_loop: LOOP
        FETCH cur INTO _table_name;
        SET @my_table_name = _table_name;

        IF done THEN
          LEAVE My_loop;
        END IF;

        SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

        SET @stmt = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ', @my_table_name, ' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'); 
        PREPARE stmt1 FROM @stmt; 
        EXECUTE stmt1; 
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt1;   
        
        SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
            
    END LOOP;
    CLOSE cur;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

3.

CALL UpdateTable();

然后再次运行第一个。如果您不想存储该过程。