c++ - 使用 VS-C++ 2010 Express 版本时出现链接器错误

Question

我是 C++ 和 VS 菜鸟。我正在尝试学习斯坦福大学的 CS 106b 课程（链接到课程页面）以使用 C++ 进行编程。但是，我在尝试设置启动代码时遇到了一些问题。例如，下面的代码，

#include <iostream>
#include "graphics.h"
using namespace std;


int main(){
    initGraphics();
    setColor("BLUE");
    fillRect(50,50,300,150);
    setFont("Times New Roman");
    setColor("WHITE");
    drawString("Hello World Graphically!!",60,140);

    return 0;
}

编译成功，但会引发以下链接器错误。

        1>------ Build started: Project: HellowWorld, Configuration: Release Win32 ------
    1>Hello.obj : error LNK2005: _main already defined in GraphicsHelloWorld.obj
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(startup.obj) : warning LNK4075: ignoring '/EDITANDCONTINUE' due to '/OPT:ICF' specification
    1>LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'MSVCRTD' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
    .......
width@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(void)const " (__imp_?width@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(pcgraphics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(void)const " (__imp_?width@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(void)const " (__imp_?width@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(error.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Lock(void)" (__imp_?_Lock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Lock(void)" (__imp_?_Lock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(pcgraphics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Lock(void)" (__imp_?_Lock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Lock(void)" (__imp_?_Lock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(error.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Unlock(void)" (__imp_?_Unlock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Unlock(void)" (__imp_?_Unlock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(pcgraphics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Unlock(void)" (__imp_?_Unlock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Unlock(void)" (__imp_?_Unlock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_istringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::`vbase destructor'(void)" (__imp_??_D?$basic_istringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_istringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::`vbase destructor'(void)" (__imp_??_D?$basic_istringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_istream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __cdecl std::operator>><char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(class std::basic_istream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &,char &)" (__imp_??$?5DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@YAAAV?$basic_istream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@0@AAV10@AAD@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall std::basic_istringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_istringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,int)" (__imp_??0?$basic_istringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@1@H@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall std::basic_istringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_istringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,int)" (__imp_??0?$basic_istringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@1@H@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@PBD@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@PBD@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@PBD@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::substr(unsigned int,unsigned int)const " (__imp_?substr@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBE?AV12@II@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::substr(unsigned int,unsigned int)const " (__imp_?substr@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBE?AV12@II@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: char & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator[](unsigned int)" (__imp_??A?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAADI@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(pcgraphics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: char & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator[](unsigned int)" (__imp_??A?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAADI@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: char & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator[](unsigned int)" (__imp_??A?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAADI@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) bool __cdecl std::operator==<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (__imp_??$?8DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA_NABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@PBD@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::`vbase destructor'(void)" (__imp_??_D?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::`vbase destructor'(void)" (__imp_??_D?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::`vbase destructor'(void)" (__imp_??_D?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEXXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::str(void)const " (__imp_?str@?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@2@XZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::str(void)const " (__imp_?str@?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@2@XZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::str(void)const " (__imp_?str@?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@2@XZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) struct std::_Smanip<int> __cdecl std::setw(int)" (__imp_?setw@std@@YA?AU?$_Smanip@H@1@H@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(int)" (__imp_??0?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@H@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(int)" (__imp_??0?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@H@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall std::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_ostringstream<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(int)" (__imp_??0?$basic_ostringstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@H@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator+=(char)" (__imp_??Y?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAAV01@D@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: unsigned int __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::length(void)const " (__imp_?length@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEIXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(pcgraphics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: unsigned int __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::length(void)const " (__imp_?length@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEIXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(strlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: unsigned int __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::length(void)const " (__imp_?length@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEIXZ)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) bool __cdecl std::operator<<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (__imp_??$?MDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA_NABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@0@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gwindow.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) bool __cdecl std::operator==<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (__imp_??$?8DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA_NABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@0@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(pcgraphics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator=(char const *)" (__imp_??4?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAAV01@PBD@Z)
    1>StanfordCPPLib.lib(gtypes.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@0@Z)
1>D:\C++Projects\HellowWorld\Release\HellowWorld.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 28 unresolved externals

顺便说一句，我通过编辑路径存储了外部 StanfordCPPLib.lib 的路径，Project->Properties->Linker->Additional Dependencies->D:\C++Projects\HellowWorld\HellowWorld\StanfordCPPLib.cpp并通过添加附加头文件Project->Properties->C/C++->Additional Include Directories->C:\Users\Vivek\Downloads\Assignment1-vs2008\StanfordCPPLib\include 这两个文件夹都存在于它们的位置。关于我在这里做错的任何提示都会有所帮助！

c++ - 使用 VS-C++ 2010 Express 版本时出现链接器错误

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