我正在使用 antlr 编写简单的类似 smalltalk 的语法。它是 smalltalk 的简化版本,但基本思想是相同的(例如消息传递)。
到目前为止,这是我的语法:
grammar GAL;
options {
//k=2;
backtrack=true;
}
ID : ('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z'|'_') ('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z'|'0'..'9'|'_')*
;
INT : '0'..'9'+
;
FLOAT
: ('0'..'9')+ '.' ('0'..'9')* EXPONENT?
| '.' ('0'..'9')+ EXPONENT?
| ('0'..'9')+ EXPONENT
;
COMMENT
: '"' ( options {greedy=false;} : . )* '"' {$channel=HIDDEN;}
;
WS : ( ' '
| '\t'
) {$channel=HIDDEN;}
;
NEW_LINE
: ('\r'?'\n')
;
STRING
: '\'' ( ESC_SEQ | ~('\\'|'\'') )* '\''
;
fragment
EXPONENT : ('e'|'E') ('+'|'-')? ('0'..'9')+ ;
fragment
HEX_DIGIT : ('0'..'9'|'a'..'f'|'A'..'F') ;
fragment
ESC_SEQ
: '\\' ('b'|'t'|'n'|'f'|'r'|'\"'|'\''|'\\')
| UNICODE_ESC
| OCTAL_ESC
;
fragment
OCTAL_ESC
: '\\' ('0'..'3') ('0'..'7') ('0'..'7')
| '\\' ('0'..'7') ('0'..'7')
| '\\' ('0'..'7')
;
fragment
UNICODE_ESC
: '\\' 'u' HEX_DIGIT HEX_DIGIT HEX_DIGIT HEX_DIGIT
;
BINARY_MESSAGE_CHAR
: ('~' | '!' | '@' | '%' | '&' | '*' | '-' | '+' | '=' | '|' | '\\' | '<' | '>' | ',' | '?' | '/')
('~' | '!' | '@' | '%' | '&' | '*' | '-' | '+' | '=' | '|' | '\\' | '<' | '>' | ',' | '?' | '/')?
;
// parser
program
: NEW_LINE* (statement (NEW_LINE+ | EOF))*
;
statement
: message_sending
| return_statement
| assignment
| temp_variables
;
return_statement
: '^' statement
;
assignment
: identifier ':=' statement
;
temp_variables
: '|' identifier+ '|'
;
object
: raw_object
;
raw_object
: number
| string
| identifier
| literal
| block
| '(' message_sending ')'
;
message_sending
: keyword_message_sending
;
keyword_message_sending
: binary_message_sending keyword_message?
;
binary_message_sending
: unary_message_sending binary_message*
;
unary_message_sending
: object (unary_message)*
;
unary_message
: unary_message_selector
;
binary_message
: binary_message_selector unary_message_sending
;
keyword_message
: (NEW_LINE? single_keyword_message_selector NEW_LINE? binary_message_sending)+
;
block
:
'[' (block_signiture
)? NEW_LINE*
block_body
NEW_LINE* ']'
;
block_body
: (statement
)?
(NEW_LINE+ statement
)*
;
block_signiture
:
(':' identifier
)+ '|'
;
unary_message_selector
: identifier
;
binary_message_selector
: BINARY_MESSAGE_CHAR
;
single_keyword_message_selector
: identifier ':'
;
keyword_message_selector
: single_keyword_message_selector+
;
symbol
: '#' (string | identifier | binary_message_selector | keyword_message_selector)
;
literal
: symbol block? // if there is block then this is method
;
number
: /*'-'?*/
( INT | FLOAT )
;
string
: STRING
;
identifier
: ID
;
1. 一元减号
我对数字的一元减号有疑问(规则的注释部分number
)。问题是减号是有效的二进制消息。更糟糕的是,两个减号也是有效的二进制消息。我需要的是一元减号,以防没有对象可以向其发送二进制消息(例如,-3+4 应该是一元减号,因为 -3 前面没有任何内容)。此外,(-3) 也应该是二进制减号。如果 1 -- -2 是带有参数 -2 的二进制消息“--”,那就太好了,但我可以没有它。我怎样才能做到这一点?
如果我取消注释一元减号,则在解析 1-2 之类的内容时会出现错误 MismatchedSetException(0!=null)。
2. 消息链
在 smalltalk 中实现消息链接的最佳方法是什么?我的意思是这样的:
obj message1 + 3;
message2;
+ 3;
keyword: 2+3
在这种情况下,每条消息都将发送到同一个对象obj
。应保持消息优先级(一元 > 二进制 > 关键字)。
3. 回溯
大多数语法可以用 解析k=2
,但是当输入是这样的:
1 + 2
Obj message:
1 + 2
message2: 'string'
解析器尝试将 Obj 匹配为single_keyword_message_selector
并引发UnwantedTokenExcaption
token message
。如果删除k=2
并设置backtrack=true
(像我一样)一切正常。如何删除回溯并获得所需的行为?
此外,大多数语法都可以使用 解析k=1
,所以我尝试k=2
只为需要它的规则设置,但这被忽略了。我做了这样的事情:
rule
options { k = 2; }
: // rule definition
;
但在我在全局选项中设置 k 之前它不起作用。我在这里想念什么?
更新:
从头开始编写语法并不是理想的解决方案,因为我有很多代码依赖它。此外,smalltalk 缺少的一些功能是设计上缺少的。这并不是要成为另一个 smalltalk 实现,smalltalk 只是一个灵感。
在这样的情况下,我会更乐意让一元减号工作:-1+2
或2+(-1)
. 像这样2 -- -1
的情况并不那么重要。
此外,消息链接应该尽可能简单地完成。这意味着我不喜欢改变我正在生成的 AST 的想法。
关于回溯 - 我可以忍受它,只是出于个人好奇在这里问。
这是生成 AST 的少量修改语法 - 也许它有助于更好地理解我不想更改的内容。(temp_variables 可能会被删除,我还没有做出那个决定)。
grammar GAL;
options {
//k=2;
backtrack=true;
language=CSharp3;
output=AST;
}
tokens {
HASH = '#';
COLON = ':';
DOT = '.';
CARET = '^';
PIPE = '|';
LBRACKET = '[';
RBRACKET = ']';
LPAREN = '(';
RPAREN = ')';
ASSIGN = ':=';
}
// generated files options
@namespace { GAL.Compiler }
@lexer::namespace { GAL.Compiler}
// this will disable CLSComplaint warning in ANTLR generated code
@parser::header {
// Do not bug me about [System.CLSCompliant(false)]
#pragma warning disable 3021
}
@lexer::header {
// Do not bug me about [System.CLSCompliant(false)]
#pragma warning disable 3021
}
ID : ('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z'|'_') ('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z'|'0'..'9'|'_')*
;
INT : '0'..'9'+
;
FLOAT
: ('0'..'9')+ '.' ('0'..'9')* EXPONENT?
| '.' ('0'..'9')+ EXPONENT?
| ('0'..'9')+ EXPONENT
;
COMMENT
: '"' ( options {greedy=false;} : . )* '"' {$channel=Hidden;}
;
WS : ( ' '
| '\t'
) {$channel=Hidden;}
;
NEW_LINE
: ('\r'?'\n')
;
STRING
: '\'' ( ESC_SEQ | ~('\\'|'\'') )* '\''
;
fragment
EXPONENT : ('e'|'E') ('+'|'-')? ('0'..'9')+ ;
fragment
HEX_DIGIT : ('0'..'9'|'a'..'f'|'A'..'F') ;
fragment
ESC_SEQ
: '\\' ('b'|'t'|'n'|'f'|'r'|'\"'|'\''|'\\')
| UNICODE_ESC
| OCTAL_ESC
;
fragment
OCTAL_ESC
: '\\' ('0'..'3') ('0'..'7') ('0'..'7')
| '\\' ('0'..'7') ('0'..'7')
| '\\' ('0'..'7')
;
fragment
UNICODE_ESC
: '\\' 'u' HEX_DIGIT HEX_DIGIT HEX_DIGIT HEX_DIGIT
;
BINARY_MESSAGE_CHAR
: ('~' | '!' | '@' | '%' | '&' | '*' | '-' | '+' | '=' | '|' | '\\' | '<' | '>' | ',' | '?' | '/')
('~' | '!' | '@' | '%' | '&' | '*' | '-' | '+' | '=' | '|' | '\\' | '<' | '>' | ',' | '?' | '/')?
;
// parser
public program returns [ AstProgram program ]
: { $program = new AstProgram(); }
NEW_LINE*
( statement (NEW_LINE+ | EOF)
{ $program.AddStatement($statement.stmt); }
)*
;
statement returns [ AstNode stmt ]
: message_sending
{ $stmt = $message_sending.messageSending; }
| return_statement
{ $stmt = $return_statement.ret; }
| assignment
{ $stmt = $assignment.assignment; }
| temp_variables
{ $stmt = $temp_variables.tempVars; }
;
return_statement returns [ AstReturn ret ]
: CARET statement
{ $ret = new AstReturn($CARET, $statement.stmt); }
;
assignment returns [ AstAssignment assignment ]
: dotted_expression ASSIGN statement
{ $assignment = new AstAssignment($dotted_expression.dottedExpression, $ASSIGN, $statement.stmt); }
;
temp_variables returns [ AstTempVariables tempVars ]
: p1=PIPE
{ $tempVars = new AstTempVariables($p1); }
( identifier
{ $tempVars.AddVar($identifier.identifier); }
)+
p2=PIPE
{ $tempVars.EndToken = $p2; }
;
object returns [ AstNode obj ]
: number
{ $obj = $number.number; }
| string
{ $obj = $string.str; }
| dotted_expression
{ $obj = $dotted_expression.dottedExpression; }
| literal
{ $obj = $literal.literal; }
| block
{ $obj = $block.block; }
| LPAREN message_sending RPAREN
{ $obj = $message_sending.messageSending; }
;
message_sending returns [ AstKeywordMessageSending messageSending ]
: keyword_message_sending
{ $messageSending = $keyword_message_sending.keywordMessageSending; }
;
keyword_message_sending returns [ AstKeywordMessageSending keywordMessageSending ]
: binary_message_sending
{ $keywordMessageSending = new AstKeywordMessageSending($binary_message_sending.binaryMessageSending); }
( keyword_message
{ $keywordMessageSending = $keywordMessageSending.NewMessage($keyword_message.keywordMessage); }
)?
;
binary_message_sending returns [ AstBinaryMessageSending binaryMessageSending ]
: unary_message_sending
{ $binaryMessageSending = new AstBinaryMessageSending($unary_message_sending.unaryMessageSending); }
( binary_message
{ $binaryMessageSending = $binaryMessageSending.NewMessage($binary_message.binaryMessage); }
)*
;
unary_message_sending returns [ AstUnaryMessageSending unaryMessageSending ]
: object
{ $unaryMessageSending = new AstUnaryMessageSending($object.obj); }
(
unary_message
{ $unaryMessageSending = $unaryMessageSending.NewMessage($unary_message.unaryMessage); }
)*
;
unary_message returns [ AstUnaryMessage unaryMessage ]
: unary_message_selector
{ $unaryMessage = new AstUnaryMessage($unary_message_selector.unarySelector); }
;
binary_message returns [ AstBinaryMessage binaryMessage ]
: binary_message_selector unary_message_sending
{ $binaryMessage = new AstBinaryMessage($binary_message_selector.binarySelector, $unary_message_sending.unaryMessageSending); }
;
keyword_message returns [ AstKeywordMessage keywordMessage ]
:
{ $keywordMessage = new AstKeywordMessage(); }
(
NEW_LINE?
single_keyword_message_selector
NEW_LINE?
binary_message_sending
{ $keywordMessage.AddMessagePart($single_keyword_message_selector.singleKwSelector, $binary_message_sending.binaryMessageSending); }
)+
;
block returns [ AstBlock block ]
: LBRACKET
{ $block = new AstBlock($LBRACKET); }
(
block_signiture
{ $block.Signiture = $block_signiture.blkSigniture; }
)? NEW_LINE*
block_body
{ $block.Body = $block_body.blkBody; }
NEW_LINE*
RBRACKET
{ $block.SetEndToken($RBRACKET); }
;
block_body returns [ IList<AstNode> blkBody ]
@init { $blkBody = new List<AstNode>(); }
:
( s1=statement
{ $blkBody.Add($s1.stmt); }
)?
( NEW_LINE+ s2=statement
{ $blkBody.Add($s2.stmt); }
)*
;
block_signiture returns [ AstBlockSigniture blkSigniture ]
@init { $blkSigniture = new AstBlockSigniture(); }
:
( COLON identifier
{ $blkSigniture.AddIdentifier($COLON, $identifier.identifier); }
)+ PIPE
{ $blkSigniture.SetEndToken($PIPE); }
;
unary_message_selector returns [ AstUnaryMessageSelector unarySelector ]
: identifier
{ $unarySelector = new AstUnaryMessageSelector($identifier.identifier); }
;
binary_message_selector returns [ AstBinaryMessageSelector binarySelector ]
: BINARY_MESSAGE_CHAR
{ $binarySelector = new AstBinaryMessageSelector($BINARY_MESSAGE_CHAR); }
;
single_keyword_message_selector returns [ AstIdentifier singleKwSelector ]
: identifier COLON
{ $singleKwSelector = $identifier.identifier; }
;
keyword_message_selector returns [ AstKeywordMessageSelector keywordSelector ]
@init { $keywordSelector = new AstKeywordMessageSelector(); }
:
( single_keyword_message_selector
{ $keywordSelector.AddIdentifier($single_keyword_message_selector.singleKwSelector); }
)+
;
symbol returns [ AstSymbol symbol ]
: HASH
( string
{ $symbol = new AstSymbol($HASH, $string.str); }
| identifier
{ $symbol = new AstSymbol($HASH, $identifier.identifier); }
| binary_message_selector
{ $symbol = new AstSymbol($HASH, $binary_message_selector.binarySelector); }
| keyword_message_selector
{ $symbol = new AstSymbol($HASH, $keyword_message_selector.keywordSelector); }
)
;
literal returns [ AstNode literal ]
: symbol
{ $literal = $symbol.symbol; }
( block
{ $literal = new AstMethod($symbol.symbol, $block.block); }
)? // if there is block then this is method
;
number returns [ AstNode number ]
: /*'-'?*/
( INT
{ $number = new AstInt($INT); }
| FLOAT
{ $number = new AstInt($FLOAT); }
)
;
string returns [ AstString str ]
: STRING
{ $str = new AstString($STRING); }
;
dotted_expression returns [ AstDottedExpression dottedExpression ]
: i1=identifier
{ $dottedExpression = new AstDottedExpression($i1.identifier); }
(DOT i2=identifier
{ $dottedExpression.AddIdentifier($i2.identifier); }
)*
;
identifier returns [ AstIdentifier identifier ]
: ID
{ $identifier = new AstIdentifier($ID); }
;