代码示例:
let foo1 (arr : int[]) =
for i = 0 to arr.Length-1 do
arr.[i] <- i
let foo2 (arr : int[]) =
for i in [0..arr.Length-1] do
arr.[i] <- i
我认为这些功能应该彼此等效(在性能方面)。但是如果我们查看 IL 列表,我们会看到:
第一个函数,15 行,没有动态分配,没有try
操作符,没有虚拟调用:
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: ldc.i4.0
IL_0002: stloc.0
IL_0003: br.s IL_0011
// loop start (head: IL_0011)
IL_0005: ldarg.0
IL_0006: ldloc.0
IL_0007: ldloc.0
IL_0008: stelem.any [mscorlib]System.Int32
IL_000d: ldloc.0
IL_000e: ldc.i4.1
IL_000f: add
IL_0010: stloc.0
IL_0011: ldloc.0
IL_0012: ldarg.0
IL_0013: ldlen
IL_0014: conv.i4
IL_0015: blt.s IL_0005
// end loop
IL_0017: ret
第二个 - 将近 100 行,大量分配/解除分配,虚函数调用,大量try
/ Dispose
:
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: ldc.i4.0
IL_0002: ldc.i4.1
IL_0003: ldarg.0
IL_0004: ldlen
IL_0005: conv.i4
IL_0006: ldc.i4.1
IL_0007: sub
IL_0008: call class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<int32> [FSharp.Core]Microsoft.FSharp.Core.Operators/OperatorIntrinsics::RangeInt32(int32, int32, int32)
IL_000d: call class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<!!0> [FSharp.Core]Microsoft.FSharp.Core.Operators::CreateSequence<int32>(class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<!!0>)
IL_0012: call class [FSharp.Core]Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.FSharpList`1<!!0> [FSharp.Core]Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.SeqModule::ToList<int32>(class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<!!0>)
IL_0017: stloc.0
IL_0018: ldloc.0
IL_0019: unbox.any class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<int32>
IL_001e: callvirt instance class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator`1<!0> class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<int32>::GetEnumerator()
IL_0023: stloc.1
.try
{
// loop start (head: IL_0024)
IL_0024: ldloc.1
IL_0025: callvirt instance bool [mscorlib]System.Collections.IEnumerator::MoveNext()
IL_002a: brfalse.s IL_003e
IL_002c: ldloc.1
IL_002d: callvirt instance !0 class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator`1<int32>::get_Current()
IL_0032: stloc.3
IL_0033: ldarg.0
IL_0034: ldloc.3
IL_0035: ldloc.3
IL_0036: stelem.any [mscorlib]System.Int32
IL_003b: nop
IL_003c: br.s IL_0024
// end loop
IL_003e: ldnull
IL_003f: stloc.2
IL_0040: leave.s IL_005b
} // end .try
finally
{
IL_0042: ldloc.1
IL_0043: isinst [mscorlib]System.IDisposable
IL_0048: stloc.s 4
IL_004a: ldloc.s 4
IL_004c: brfalse.s IL_0058
IL_004e: ldloc.s 4
IL_0050: callvirt instance void [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose()
IL_0055: ldnull
IL_0056: pop
IL_0057: endfinally
IL_0058: ldnull
IL_0059: pop
IL_005a: endfinally
} // end handler
IL_005b: ldloc.2
IL_005c: pop
IL_005d: ret
我的问题是为什么 F# 编译器使用如此复杂的代码foo2
?为什么它使用 anIEnumerable
来实现如此微不足道的循环?