我有一个充满点的文本文件。它们在每一行上由逗号限制的 (x,y) 对分隔。例如。
-43.1234,40.1234\n
-43.1244,40.1244\n
etc.
我现在需要在每个点周围创建一个多边形。多边形必须距离该点有 15 公里的缓冲区。我无权访问 ArcGIS 或任何其他为我提供此功能的 GIS,所以在这一点上,我想知道是否有人有数学知识可以帮助我入门?
您想使用GDAL/OGR/OSR,它可以进行投影、缓冲,甚至可以为您编写 Shapefile。
为了将纬度/经度转换为公制缓冲区的米,您需要一个投影坐标系。在下面的示例中,我使用动态加载和缓存的 UTM 区域。这将在大地水准面上计算 15 公里。
我还计算了 GIS 缓冲区,它是一个圆形多边形,以及计算缓冲区的包络,它是你寻找的矩形。
from osgeo import ogr, osr
# EPSG:4326 : WGS84 lat/lon : http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/4326/
wgs = osr.SpatialReference()
wgs.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
coord_trans_cache = {}
def utm_zone(lat, lon):
"""Args for osr.SpatialReference.SetUTM(int zone, int north = 1)"""
return int(round(((float(lon) - 180)%360)/6)), int(lat > 0)
# Your data from a text file, i.e., fp.readlines()
lines = ['-43.1234,40.1234\n', '-43.1244,40.1244\n']
for ft, line in enumerate(lines):
print("### Feature " + str(ft) + " ###")
lat, lon = [float(x) for x in line.split(',')]
# Get projections sorted out for that UTM zone
cur_utm_zone = utm_zone(lat, lon)
if cur_utm_zone in coord_trans_cache:
wgs2utm, utm2wgs = coord_trans_cache[cur_utm_zone]
else: # define new UTM Zone
utm = osr.SpatialReference()
utm.SetUTM(*cur_utm_zone)
# Define spatial transformations to/from UTM and lat/lon
wgs2utm = osr.CoordinateTransformation(wgs, utm)
utm2wgs = osr.CoordinateTransformation(utm, wgs)
coord_trans_cache[cur_utm_zone] = wgs2utm, utm2wgs
# Create 2D point
pt = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPoint)
pt.SetPoint_2D(0, lon, lat) # X, Y; in that order!
orig_wkt = pt.ExportToWkt()
# Project to UTM
res = pt.Transform(wgs2utm)
if res != 0:
print("spatial transform failed with code " + str(res))
print(orig_wkt + " -> " + pt.ExportToWkt())
# Compute a 15 km buffer
buff = pt.Buffer(15000)
print("Area: " + str(buff.GetArea()/1e6) + " km^2")
# Transform UTM buffer back to lat/long
res = buff.Transform(utm2wgs)
if res != 0:
print("spatial transform failed with code " + str(res))
print("Envelope: " + str(buff.GetEnvelope()))
# print("WKT: " + buff.ExportToWkt())