26

我刚开始学习如何创建自定义弹出对话框;事实证明,它tkinter messagebox真的很容易使用,但它也没有做太多。这是我尝试创建一个对话框,该对话框将接受输入,然后将其存储在用户名中。

我的问题是推荐的实现方式是什么?正如 Bryan Oakley 在此评论中所建议的那样。

我建议不要使用全局变量。与其让对话框自行销毁,不如让它只销毁实际的小部件,但让对象保持活动状态。然后,从你的主要逻辑中调用类似inputDialog.get_string()then的东西。del inputDialog

也许使用全局变量来返回我的字符串不是最好的主意,但为什么呢?建议的方法是什么?我很困惑,因为我不知道如何在窗口被销毁后触发 getstring,并且......关于销毁实际小部件的行,我不确定他是否指的是TopLevel.

我问的原因是因为我希望按下提交按钮后弹出框被销毁;因为毕竟我希望它恢复到主程序,更新一些东西等等。send在这种情况下按钮方法应该做什么?因为这个特定示例中的想法是允许用户一遍又一遍地执行此操作,如果他愿意的话。

import tkinter as tk

class MyDialog:
    def __init__(self, parent):
        top = self.top = tk.Toplevel(parent)
        self.myLabel = tk.Label(top, text='Enter your username below')
        self.myLabel.pack()

        self.myEntryBox = tk.Entry(top)
        self.myEntryBox.pack()

        self.mySubmitButton = tk.Button(top, text='Submit', command=self.send)
        self.mySubmitButton.pack()

    def send(self):
        global username
        username = self.myEntryBox.get()
        self.top.destroy()

def onClick():
    inputDialog = MyDialog(root)
    root.wait_window(inputDialog.top)
    print('Username: ', username)

username = 'Empty'
root = tk.Tk()
mainLabel = tk.Label(root, text='Example for pop up input box')
mainLabel.pack()

mainButton = tk.Button(root, text='Click me', command=onClick)
mainButton.pack()

root.mainloop()
4

5 回答 5

41

在想到的两种情况下, 使用global 语句是不必要的。

  1. 您想编写一个可以导入以主 GUI一起使用的对话框
  2. 你想编写一个可以在没有主 GUI 的情况下导入使用的对话框

编写一个对话框,可以导入以主 GUI一起使用


在创建对话框实例时,可以通过传递字典和键来避免全局语句。然后可以使用lambda将字典 & 键与按钮的命令相关联。这将创建一个匿名函数,该函数将在按下按钮时执行您的函数调用(使用 args)。

通过将父级绑定到类属性(本示例中为根),您可以避免每次创建对话框实例时都需要传递父级。

您可以将以下内容保存在与主 GUI 文件相同的文件夹mbox.py中或文件夹中。your_python_folder\Lib\site-packages

import tkinter

class Mbox(object):

    root = None

    def __init__(self, msg, dict_key=None):
        """
        msg = <str> the message to be displayed
        dict_key = <sequence> (dictionary, key) to associate with user input
        (providing a sequence for dict_key creates an entry for user input)
        """
        tki = tkinter
        self.top = tki.Toplevel(Mbox.root)

        frm = tki.Frame(self.top, borderwidth=4, relief='ridge')
        frm.pack(fill='both', expand=True)

        label = tki.Label(frm, text=msg)
        label.pack(padx=4, pady=4)

        caller_wants_an_entry = dict_key is not None

        if caller_wants_an_entry:
            self.entry = tki.Entry(frm)
            self.entry.pack(pady=4)

            b_submit = tki.Button(frm, text='Submit')
            b_submit['command'] = lambda: self.entry_to_dict(dict_key)
            b_submit.pack()

        b_cancel = tki.Button(frm, text='Cancel')
        b_cancel['command'] = self.top.destroy
        b_cancel.pack(padx=4, pady=4)

    def entry_to_dict(self, dict_key):
        data = self.entry.get()
        if data:
            d, key = dict_key
            d[key] = data
            self.top.destroy()

您可以在 effbot 看到 TopLevel 和 tkSimpleDialog(py3 中的 tkinter.simpledialog)子类的示例

值得注意的是ttk 小部件可以与本示例中的 tkinter 小部件互换。

要使对话框准确居中,请阅读 → this

使用示例:

import tkinter
import mbox

root = tkinter.Tk()

Mbox = mbox.Mbox
Mbox.root = root

D = {'user':'Bob'}

b_login = tkinter.Button(root, text='Log in')
b_login['command'] = lambda: Mbox('Name?', (D, 'user'))
b_login.pack()

b_loggedin = tkinter.Button(root, text='Current User')
b_loggedin['command'] = lambda: Mbox(D['user'])
b_loggedin.pack()

root.mainloop()

编写一个可以在没有主 GUI 的情况下导入使用的对话框


创建一个包含对话框类的模块(此处为 MessageBox)。此外,包括一个创建该类实例的函数,并最终返回按下的按钮的值(或来自 Entry 小部件的数据)。

这是一个完整的模块,您可以借助以下参考资料对其进行自定义:NMTechEffbot
将以下代码另存mbox.pyyour_python_folder\Lib\site-packages

import tkinter

class MessageBox(object):

    def __init__(self, msg, b1, b2, frame, t, entry):

        root = self.root = tkinter.Tk()
        root.title('Message')
        self.msg = str(msg)
        # ctrl+c to copy self.msg
        root.bind('<Control-c>', func=self.to_clip)
        # remove the outer frame if frame=False
        if not frame: root.overrideredirect(True)
        # default values for the buttons to return
        self.b1_return = True
        self.b2_return = False
        # if b1 or b2 is a tuple unpack into the button text & return value
        if isinstance(b1, tuple): b1, self.b1_return = b1
        if isinstance(b2, tuple): b2, self.b2_return = b2
        # main frame
        frm_1 = tkinter.Frame(root)
        frm_1.pack(ipadx=2, ipady=2)
        # the message
        message = tkinter.Label(frm_1, text=self.msg)
        message.pack(padx=8, pady=8)
        # if entry=True create and set focus
        if entry:
            self.entry = tkinter.Entry(frm_1)
            self.entry.pack()
            self.entry.focus_set()
        # button frame
        frm_2 = tkinter.Frame(frm_1)
        frm_2.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
        # buttons
        btn_1 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b1)
        btn_1['command'] = self.b1_action
        btn_1.pack(side='left')
        if not entry: btn_1.focus_set()
        btn_2 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b2)
        btn_2['command'] = self.b2_action
        btn_2.pack(side='left')
        # the enter button will trigger the focused button's action
        btn_1.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b1_action)
        btn_2.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b2_action)
        # roughly center the box on screen
        # for accuracy see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10018670/1217270
        root.update_idletasks()
        xp = (root.winfo_screenwidth() // 2) - (root.winfo_width() // 2)
        yp = (root.winfo_screenheight() // 2) - (root.winfo_height() // 2)
        geom = (root.winfo_width(), root.winfo_height(), xp, yp)
        root.geometry('{0}x{1}+{2}+{3}'.format(*geom))
        # call self.close_mod when the close button is pressed
        root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close_mod)
        # a trick to activate the window (on windows 7)
        root.deiconify()
        # if t is specified: call time_out after t seconds
        if t: root.after(int(t*1000), func=self.time_out)

    def b1_action(self, event=None):
        try: x = self.entry.get()
        except AttributeError:
            self.returning = self.b1_return
            self.root.quit()
        else:
            if x:
                self.returning = x
                self.root.quit()

    def b2_action(self, event=None):
        self.returning = self.b2_return
        self.root.quit()

    # remove this function and the call to protocol
    # then the close button will act normally
    def close_mod(self):
        pass

    def time_out(self):
        try: x = self.entry.get()
        except AttributeError: self.returning = None
        else: self.returning = x
        finally: self.root.quit()

    def to_clip(self, event=None):
        self.root.clipboard_clear()
        self.root.clipboard_append(self.msg)

和:

def mbox(msg, b1='OK', b2='Cancel', frame=True, t=False, entry=False):
    """Create an instance of MessageBox, and get data back from the user.
    msg = string to be displayed
    b1 = text for left button, or a tuple (<text for button>, <to return on press>)
    b2 = text for right button, or a tuple (<text for button>, <to return on press>)
    frame = include a standard outerframe: True or False
    t = time in seconds (int or float) until the msgbox automatically closes
    entry = include an entry widget that will have its contents returned: True or False
    """
    msgbox = MessageBox(msg, b1, b2, frame, t, entry)
    msgbox.root.mainloop()
    # the function pauses here until the mainloop is quit
    msgbox.root.destroy()
    return msgbox.returning

mbox创建MessageBox的一个实例后,它会启动主循环,
这会有效地停止该函数,直到通过 退出主循环root.quit()
然后mbox函数可以访问msgbox.returning并返回其值。

例子:

user = {}
mbox('starting in 1 second...', t=1)
user['name'] = mbox('name?', entry=True)
if user['name']:
    user['sex'] = mbox('male or female?', ('male', 'm'), ('female', 'f'))
    mbox(user, frame=False)
于 2012-04-08T18:40:35.750 回答
13

由于对象 inputDialog 没有被破坏,我能够访问对象属性。我将返回字符串添加为属性:

import tkinter as tk

class MyDialog:

    def __init__(self, parent):
        top = self.top = tk.Toplevel(parent)
        self.myLabel = tk.Label(top, text='Enter your username below')
        self.myLabel.pack()
        self.myEntryBox = tk.Entry(top)
        self.myEntryBox.pack()
        self.mySubmitButton = tk.Button(top, text='Submit', command=self.send)
        self.mySubmitButton.pack()

    def send(self):
        self.username = self.myEntryBox.get()
        self.top.destroy()

def onClick():
    inputDialog = MyDialog(root)
    root.wait_window(inputDialog.top)
    print('Username: ', inputDialog.username)

root = tk.Tk()
mainLabel = tk.Label(root, text='Example for pop up input box')
mainLabel.pack()

mainButton = tk.Button(root, text='Click me', command=onClick)
mainButton.pack()

root.mainloop()
于 2014-07-30T22:44:22.677 回答
8

您可以使用 simpledialog,而不是使用消息框。它也是 tkinter 的一部分。它就像一个模板,而不是完全定义你自己的类。simpledialog 解决了必须自己添加“确定”和“取消”按钮的问题。我自己也遇到过这个问题,java2s 有一个很好的例子来说明如何使用简单的对话框来制作自定义对话框。这是他们的两个文本字段和两个标签对话框的示例。它是 Python 2,所以你需要改变它。希望这可以帮助 :)

from Tkinter import *
import tkSimpleDialog

class MyDialog(tkSimpleDialog.Dialog):

    def body(self, master):

        Label(master, text="First:").grid(row=0)
        Label(master, text="Second:").grid(row=1)

        self.e1 = Entry(master)
        self.e2 = Entry(master)

        self.e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
        self.e2.grid(row=1, column=1)
        return self.e1 # initial focus

    def apply(self):
        first = self.e1.get()
        second = self.e2.get()
        print first, second 

root = Tk()
d = MyDialog(root)
print d.result

来源:http ://www.java2s.com/Code/Python/GUI-Tk/Asimpledialogwithtwolabelsandtwotextfields.htm

于 2020-05-15T02:27:59.527 回答
6

我使用了 Honest Abe 的第二部分代码,标题为:

编写一个可以在没有主 GUI 的情况下导入使用的对话框

作为模板并进行了一些修改。我需要一个组合框而不是条目,所以我也实现了它。如果你需要别的东西,它应该很容易修改。

以下是变化

  • 像孩子一样行动
  • 模态到父级
  • 居中于父级之上
  • 不可调整大小
  • 组合框而不是条目
  • 单击十字 (X) 以关闭对话框

已移除

  • 框架,计时器,剪贴板

将以下内容另存为与主 GUI 文件相同的文件夹mbox.py中或文件夹中。your_python_folder\Lib\site-packages

import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk as ttk

class MessageBox(object):

    def __init__(self, msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo, cboList):

        root = self.root = tkinter.Toplevel(parent)

        root.title('Choose')
        root.geometry('100x100')
        root.resizable(False, False)
        root.grab_set() # modal

        self.msg = str(msg)
        self.b1_return = True
        self.b2_return = False
        # if b1 or b2 is a tuple unpack into the button text & return value
        if isinstance(b1, tuple): b1, self.b1_return = b1
        if isinstance(b2, tuple): b2, self.b2_return = b2
        # main frame
        frm_1 = tkinter.Frame(root)
        frm_1.pack(ipadx=2, ipady=2)
        # the message
        message = tkinter.Label(frm_1, text=self.msg)
        if cbo: message.pack(padx=8, pady=8)
        else: message.pack(padx=8, pady=20)
        # if entry=True create and set focus
        if cbo:
            self.cbo = ttk.Combobox(frm_1, state="readonly", justify="center", values= cboList)
            self.cbo.pack()
            self.cbo.focus_set()
            self.cbo.current(0)
        # button frame
        frm_2 = tkinter.Frame(frm_1)
        frm_2.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
        # buttons
        btn_1 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b1)
        btn_1['command'] = self.b1_action
        if cbo: btn_1.pack(side='left', padx=5)
        else: btn_1.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        if not cbo: btn_1.focus_set()
        btn_2 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b2)
        btn_2['command'] = self.b2_action
        if cbo: btn_2.pack(side='left', padx=5)
        else: btn_2.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        # the enter button will trigger the focused button's action
        btn_1.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b1_action)
        btn_2.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b2_action)
        # roughly center the box on screen
        # for accuracy see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10018670/1217270
        root.update_idletasks()
        root.geometry("210x110+%d+%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()+7,
                                         parent.winfo_rooty()+70))

        root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close_mod)

        # a trick to activate the window (on windows 7)
        root.deiconify()

    def b1_action(self, event=None):
        try: x = self.cbo.get()
        except AttributeError:
            self.returning = self.b1_return
            self.root.quit()
        else:
            if x:
                self.returning = x
                self.root.quit()

    def b2_action(self, event=None):
        self.returning = self.b2_return
        self.root.quit()

    def close_mod(self):
        # top right corner cross click: return value ;`x`;
        # we need to send it a value, otherwise there will be an exception when closing parent window
        self.returning = ";`x`;"
        self.root.quit()

它应该快速且易于使用。这是一个例子:

from mbox import MessageBox
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()


def mbox(msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo=False, cboList=[]):
    msgbox = MessageBox(msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo, cboList)
    msgbox.root.mainloop()
    msgbox.root.destroy()
    return msgbox.returning


prompt = {}

# it will only show 2 buttons & 1 label if (cbo and cboList) aren't provided
# click on 'x' will return ;`x`;
prompt['answer'] = mbox('Do you want to go?', ('Go', 'go'), ('Cancel', 'cancel'), root)
ans = prompt['answer']
print(ans)
if ans == 'go':
    # do stuff
    pass
else:
    # do stuff
    pass


allowedItems = ['phone','laptop','battery']
prompt['answer'] = mbox('Select product to take', ('Take', 'take'), ('Cancel', 'cancel'), root, cbo=True, cboList=allowedItems)
ans = prompt['answer']
print(ans)
if (ans == 'phone'):
    # do stuff
    pass
elif (ans == 'laptop'):
    # do stuff
    pass
else:
    # do stuff
    pass
于 2018-09-11T08:55:21.043 回答
1
import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk as ttk

class MessageBox(object):

    def __init__(self, msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo, cboList):

        root = self.root = tkinter.Toplevel(parent)

        root.title('Choose')
        root.geometry('100x100')
        root.resizable(False, False)
        root.grab_set() # modal

        self.msg = str(msg)
        self.b1_return = True
        self.b2_return = False
        # if b1 or b2 is a tuple unpack into the button text & return value
        if isinstance(b1, tuple): b1, self.b1_return = b1
        if isinstance(b2, tuple): b2, self.b2_return = b2
        # main frame
        frm_1 = tkinter.Frame(root)
        frm_1.pack(ipadx=2, ipady=2)
        # the message
        message = tkinter.Label(frm_1, text=self.msg)
        if cbo: message.pack(padx=8, pady=8)
        else: message.pack(padx=8, pady=20)
        # if entry=True create and set focus
        if cbo:
            self.cbo = ttk.Combobox(frm_1, state="readonly", justify="center", values= cboList)
            self.cbo.pack()
            self.cbo.focus_set()
            self.cbo.current(0)
        # button frame
        frm_2 = tkinter.Frame(frm_1)
        frm_2.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
        # buttons
        btn_1 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b1)
        btn_1['command'] = self.b1_action
        if cbo: btn_1.pack(side='left', padx=5)
        else: btn_1.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        if not cbo: btn_1.focus_set()
        btn_2 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b2)
        btn_2['command'] = self.b2_action
        if cbo: btn_2.pack(side='left', padx=5)
        else: btn_2.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        # the enter button will trigger the focused button's action
        btn_1.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b1_action)
        btn_2.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b2_action)
        # roughly center the box on screen
        # for accuracy see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10018670/1217270
        root.update_idletasks()
        root.geometry("210x110+%d+%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()+7,
                                         parent.winfo_rooty()+70))

        root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close_mod)

        # a trick to activate the window (on windows 7)
        root.deiconify()

    def b1_action(self, event=None):
        try: x = self.cbo.get()
        except AttributeError:
            self.returning = self.b1_return
            self.root.quit()
        else:
            if x:
                self.returning = x
                self.root.quit()

    def b2_action(self, event=None):
        self.returning = self.b2_return
        self.root.quit()

    def close_mod(self):
        # top right corner cross click: return value ;`x`;
        # we need to send it a value, otherwise there will be an exception when closing parent window
        self.returning = ";`x`;"
        self.root.quit()
于 2020-05-15T03:28:52.997 回答