我认为这些现在都有效，无论您是否使用二进制补码。请在使用前进行广泛的测试。他们给出以下结果。每一行给出一个断言失败（只需将它们更改为您喜欢的异常）
/* unsigned -> signed, overflow */
safe_cast<short>(UINT_MAX);
/* unsigned -> unsigned, overflow */
safe_cast<unsigned char>(ULONG_MAX);
/* signed -> unsigned, overflow */
safe_cast<unsigned long>(-1);
/* signed -> signed, overflow */
safe_cast<signed char>(INT_MAX);
/* always works (no check done) */
safe_cast<long>(INT_MAX);
// giving these assertion failures results
(type)f <= (type)is_signed<To>::v_max
f <= (To)-1
f >= 0
f >= is_signed<To>::v_min && f <= is_signed<To>::v_max
执行。首先是一些用于检查整数等级的实用程序（具有较高等级的类型将能够包含具有较低等级的类型的值，给定相同的符号。还有一些提升工具，能够找出一个常见的、安全的类型（这永远不会如果涉及无符号类型，则产生有符号类型，如果有符号类型将无法存储无符号类型的所有值）。
/* ranks */
template<typename> struct int_rank;
#define RANK(T, I) template<> struct int_rank<T> \
{ static int const value = I; }
RANK(char, 1); RANK(unsigned char, 1); RANK(signed char, 1);
RANK(short, 2); RANK(unsigned short, 2);
RANK(int, 3); RANK(unsigned int, 3);
RANK(long, 4); RANK(unsigned long, 4);
#undef RANK
/* usual arith. conversions for ints (pre-condition: A, B differ) */
template<int> struct uac_at;
template<> struct uac_at<1> { typedef int type; };
template<> struct uac_at<2> { typedef unsigned int type; };
template<> struct uac_at<3> { typedef long type; };
template<> struct uac_at<4> { typedef unsigned long type; };
template<typename A, typename B>
struct uac_type {
static char (&f(int))[1];
static char (&f(unsigned int))[2];
static char (&f(long))[3];
static char (&f(unsigned long))[4];
typedef typename uac_at<sizeof f(0 ? A() : B())>::type type;
};
/* signed games */
template<typename> struct is_signed { static bool const value = false; };
#define SG(X, TT) template<> struct is_signed<X> { \
static bool const value = true; \
static X const v_min = TT##_MIN; \
static X const v_max = TT##_MAX; \
}
SG(signed char, SCHAR);
SG(short, SHRT);
SG(int, INT);
SG(long, LONG);
#undef SG
template<> struct is_signed<char> {
static bool const value = (CHAR_MIN < 0);
static char const v_min = CHAR_MIN; // just in case it's signed...
static char const v_max = CHAR_MAX;
};
转换模板利用它们来确定每种情况需要做什么或不做什么。
template<typename To, typename From,
bool to_signed = is_signed<To>::value,
bool from_signed = is_signed<From>::value,
bool rank_fine = (int_rank<To>::value >= int_rank<From>::value)>
struct do_conv;
/* these conversions never overflow, like int -> int,
* or int -> long. */
template<typename To, typename From, bool Sign>
struct do_conv<To, From, Sign, Sign, true> {
static To call(From f) {
return (To)f;
}
};
template<typename To, typename From>
struct do_conv<To, From, false, false, false> {
static To call(From f) {
assert(f <= (To)-1);
return (To)f;
}
};
template<typename To, typename From>
struct do_conv<To, From, false, true, true> {
typedef typename uac_type<To, From>::type type;
static To call(From f) {
/* no need to check whether To's positive range will
* store From's positive range: Because the rank is
* fine, and To is unsigned.
* Fixes GCC warning "comparison is always true" */
assert(f >= 0);
return (To)f;
}
};
template<typename To, typename From>
struct do_conv<To, From, false, true, false> {
typedef typename uac_type<To, From>::type type;
static To call(From f) {
assert(f >= 0 && (type)f <= (type)(To)-1);
return (To)f;
}
};
template<typename To, typename From, bool Rank>
struct do_conv<To, From, true, false, Rank> {
typedef typename uac_type<To, From>::type type;
static To call(From f) {
assert((type)f <= (type)is_signed<To>::v_max);
return (To)f;
}
};
template<typename To, typename From>
struct do_conv<To, From, true, true, false> {
static To call(From f) {
assert(f >= is_signed<To>::v_min && f <= is_signed<To>::v_max);
return (To)f;
}
};
template<typename To, typename From>
To safe_cast(From f) { return do_conv<To, From>::call(f); }