matlab - MATLAB：mex-compile 上缺少框架 – 架构 x86_64 的未定义符号

Question

我一直在努力解决在编译用 C 语言（在 Mac OS X 上）编写的 MATLAB 函数时遇到的一些错误。函数msound是我的大学为 Windows 和 Linux 预编译的，它是有关音频录制和播放的一些进一步功能的基础。因为我是 Mac 用户，所以我认为将它编译成 Mac 版本也很不错。

从源代码及其适用于 Linux 的编译器函数中，我尝试对编译器指令的 Mac 版本进行逆向工程，但我不断收到错误，导致编译失败。到目前为止，这是我作为编译器函数汇总的内容：

function compile_msound_unix

disp('Building msound ...')

szOptions = '';
szDefines = '';
szPaths   = '';
szFiles   = '';
szLibs    = '';

szOptions = sprintf( '%s %s', szOptions, '-output msound'       );
szOptions = sprintf( '%s %s', szOptions, '-largeArrayDims'      );

% Add main file.
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'msound.c' );

% Add basic PortAudio include paths and files.
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/include'                         );
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/src/common'                      );
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/src/os/unix'                     );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.c'         );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.c'          );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c'           );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_process.c'         );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_skeleton.c'        );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.c'          );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.c'           );
% Host
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/os/unix/pa_unix_hostapis.c'  );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/os/unix/pa_unix_util.c'      );

% Add PortAudio path for: Apple Core Audio API
disp('    Using ''Apple Core Audio API'' ...')

% Defines
szDefines = addDefine( szDefines, 'PA_USE_COREAUDIO' );
szDefines = addDefine( szDefines, '__MACOSX_CORE__');
% PortAudio
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio' );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core_blocking.c' );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core_utilities.c' );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core.c' );
% Libs
% szLibs  = addLib ( szLibs , '/full/path/to/library?' );

% Build msound MEX-file using default compiler.
eval( [ 'mex', szOptions, szDefines, szPaths, szFiles, szLibs ] );

function szCmd = addFile  ( szCmd, szFile )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s "%s"'  , szCmd, szFile );
function szCmd = addPath  ( szCmd, szPath )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s "-I%s"', szCmd, szPath );
function szCmd = addDefine( szCmd, szName )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s "-D%s"', szCmd, szName );
function szCmd = addLib   ( szCmd, szLib  )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s "-l%s"', szCmd, szLib  );
function szCmd = addLibPath( szCmd, szPath )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s "-L%s"', szCmd, szPath )

我已经消除了一些其他错误，但现在我坚持使用以下 MATLAB 控制台输出：

Building msound ...
    Using 'Apple Core Audio API' ...
msound.c: In function 'msoundDeviceInfo':
msound.c:3042: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
msound.c:3044: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
msound.c:3046: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
msound.c:3048: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core.c: In function 'AudioIOProc':
portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core.c:1911: warning: 'AudioConverterFillBuffer' is deprecated (declared at /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Headers/AudioConverter.h:641)
portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core.c:2080: warning: 'AudioConverterFillBuffer' is deprecated (declared at /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Headers/AudioConverter.h:641)
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "_mxCreateScalarDouble", referenced from:
      _msoundDeviceInfo in msound.o
  "_AudioDeviceSetProperty", referenced from:
      _setBestFramesPerBuffer in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _AudioDeviceSetPropertyNowAndWaitForChange in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
     (maybe you meant: _AudioDeviceSetPropertyNowAndWaitForChange)
  "_AudioDeviceGetProperty", referenced from:
      _setBestFramesPerBuffer in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _AudioDeviceSetPropertyNowAndWaitForChange in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _setBestSampleRateForDevice in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _GetChannelInfo in pa_mac_core.o
      _PaMacCore_Initialize in pa_mac_core.o
      _OpenStream in pa_mac_core.o
      _PaMacCore_GetChannelName in pa_mac_core.o
      ...
  "_AudioDeviceGetPropertyInfo", referenced from:
      _setBestFramesPerBuffer in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _setBestSampleRateForDevice in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _GetChannelInfo in pa_mac_core.o
      _PaMacCore_Initialize in pa_mac_core.o
      _PaMacCore_GetChannelName in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioDeviceAddPropertyListener", referenced from:
      _AudioDeviceSetPropertyNowAndWaitForChange in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioDeviceRemovePropertyListener", referenced from:
      _AudioDeviceSetPropertyNowAndWaitForChange in pa_mac_core_utilities.o
      _CloseStream in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioHardwareGetPropertyInfo", referenced from:
      _PaMacCore_Initialize in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioHardwareGetProperty", referenced from:
      _PaMacCore_Initialize in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitUninitialize", referenced from:
      _CloseStream in pa_mac_core.o
  "_CloseComponent", referenced from:
      _CloseStream in pa_mac_core.o
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioConverterDispose", referenced from:
      _CloseStream in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioConverterReset", referenced from:
      _StartStream in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioOutputUnitStart", referenced from:
      _StartStream in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioOutputUnitStop", referenced from:
      _StopStream in pa_mac_core.o
      _AudioIOProc in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitGetProperty", referenced from:
      _StopStream in pa_mac_core.o
      _startStopCallback in pa_mac_core.o
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitReset", referenced from:
      _StopStream in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioDeviceGetCurrentTime", referenced from:
      _GetStreamTime in pa_mac_core.o
      _AudioIOProc in pa_mac_core.o
  "_FindNextComponent", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_OpenAComponent", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitSetProperty", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitAddPropertyListener", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioConverterNew", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioConverterSetProperty", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitInitialize", referenced from:
      _OpenAndSetupOneAudioUnit in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioUnitRender", referenced from:
      _AudioIOProc in pa_mac_core.o
  "_AudioConverterFillBuffer", referenced from:
      _AudioIOProc in pa_mac_core.o
  "_CFStringCreateWithFormat", referenced from:
      _PaMacCore_GetChannelName in pa_mac_core.o
  "_CFStringGetLength", referenced from:
      _PaMacCore_GetChannelName in pa_mac_core.o
  "_CFStringGetCString", referenced from:
      _PaMacCore_GetChannelName in pa_mac_core.o
  "_CFRelease", referenced from:
      _PaMacCore_GetChannelName in pa_mac_core.o
  "___CFConstantStringClassReference", referenced from:
      CFString in pa_mac_core.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

    mex: link of ' "msound.mexmaci64"' failed.

??? Error using ==> mex at 208
Unable to complete successfully.

Error in ==> compile_msound_unix at 51
eval( [ 'mex', szOptions, szDefines, szPaths, szFiles, szLibs ] );

主要问题似乎是Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64. 我对此做了一些研究，我现在知道可能缺少一些框架。但我对这种编程（并在 Mac 上编译）非常陌生，我可以使用一些帮助。

我尝试编译的功能是基于 Mac 上支持 CoreAudio 的PortAudio Audio-I/O。正如您在我的编译器函数中看到的那样，我已经包含了必要的 PortAudio 文件，但我仍然缺少相应的库/框架。我已经尝试为他们提供如下行：

szLibs  = addLib ( szLibs , '/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework' );

但没有任何成功。我真的希望你们有想法如何让这个运行。我使用的是Mac OS X 10.7.3 Lion，我安装了 Xcode 并且 gcc-4.2 正在运行。MATLAB 版本为 2011a (v7.12)

在此先感谢，简。

score 3 · Accepted Answer

赫里卡！我终于自己发现了：由于我只是从msound的 Linux mex-compile-function 中获取了很多代码，因此问题是如何链接必要的框架。事实证明，" ... "（双引号）在路径和文件无法正常工作，只有框架真正需要它们，因为它们会传递给gcc。我从 , 中删除了它们addFile，addPath依此类推，最后所有文件都被识别并链接了框架，因此所有丢失的符号都消失了。我的顿悟主要是由这个 Stackoverflow 问题特别是它的正确答案引发的。

如果有兴趣，这里是完整的编译器功能：

    function compile_msound_mac

bOldMexApi = false;

disp('Building msound ...')

szOptions = '';
szDefines = '';
szPaths   = '';
szFiles   = '';
szFrameworks    = 'LDFLAGS="\$LDFLAGS';

szOptions = sprintf( '%s %s', szOptions, '-output msound'       );

% Use the old MATLAB C API on newer MATLAB versions.
if( ~verLessThan('matlab','7.3') )
    if( bOldMexApi )
        % Use backward compatible old MATLAB C API
        szOptions = sprintf( '%s %s', szOptions, '-compatibleArrayDims' );
    else
        szOptions = sprintf( '%s %s', szOptions, '-largeArrayDims'      );
    end
end

% Add main file.
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'msound.c' );

% Add basic PortAudio include paths and files.
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/include'                         );
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/src/common'                      );
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/src/os/unix'                     );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.c'         );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.c'          );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c'           );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_process.c'         );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.c'      );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_skeleton.c'        );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.c'          );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.c'           );
% Host
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/os/unix/pa_unix_hostapis.c'  );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/os/unix/pa_unix_util.c'      );

% Add PortAudio path for: Apple Core Audio API
disp('    Using ''Apple Core Audio API'' ...')
% Defines
szDefines = addDefine( szDefines, 'PA_USE_COREAUDIO' );
szDefines = addDefine( szDefines, '__MACOSX_CORE__');
% PortAudio
szPaths = addPath( szPaths, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio'                        );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core_blocking.c' );
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core_utilities.c');
szFiles = addFile( szFiles, 'portaudio/src/hostapi/coreaudio/pa_mac_core.c '         );
% Frameworks
szFrameworks = addFramework ( szFrameworks , 'CoreAudio'     );
szFrameworks = addFramework ( szFrameworks , 'AudioToolbox'  );
szFrameworks = addFramework ( szFrameworks , 'AudioUnit'     );
szFrameworks = addFramework ( szFrameworks , 'CoreServices'  );
% 
% 
% % Closing Tag for Frameworks
szFrameworks = sprintf('%s"', szFrameworks);

% Build msound MEX-file using default compiler.
eval( [ 'mex', szOptions, szDefines, szPaths, szFiles , szFrameworks ] )

disp('Done.')

function szCmd = addFile  ( szCmd, szFile )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s %s'  , szCmd, szFile );
function szCmd = addPath  ( szCmd, szPath )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s -I%s', szCmd, szPath );
function szCmd = addDefine( szCmd, szName )
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s -D%s', szCmd, szName );
function szCmd = addFramework( szCmd, szFramework)
    szCmd = sprintf( '%s -framework %s', szCmd, szFramework);

matlab - MATLAB：mex-compile 上缺少框架 – 架构 x86_64 的未定义符号

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