我是操作系统设计的新手，到目前为止已经设计了一个“操作系统”（实际上只是一个引导扇区），并决定尝试制作一个独特的引导加载程序和“内核”（仍然非常简单）。我的问题很简单，但通过谷歌搜索和搜索这个网站设法避开了我（好吧，我确实找到了一个类似的问题，但答案是模糊/高级让我能够使用它）。
我看过 int 0x13 AH=02，但它使用了轨道，我认为 CD 没有用。我在某处看到我应该使用扩展读取扇区 (AH=0x42)，但我不知道如何使用它，因为我看不到我可以指定读取哪个扇区以及该扇区应该在 RAM 中的哪个位置.
这是一个问题：如何从使用 El Torito 无仿真的 CD 加载扇区。如果您能以“最简单的形式”给出答案，并尝试提供一些代码，我将不胜感激，因为我对此并不陌生。提前致谢！
编辑：
我不知道你是否需要它，但我使用的是 NASM 语法，所以如果你能在 NASM 中给我答案，那就太好了。
按照惯例，BIOS 将用于 int 13h 的驱动器号放入 DL 寄存器。然后您可以使用 int 13h, ax=4B01h（获取仿真状态）来确定磁盘信息，并使用 int 13x 函数 42h 读取 LBA 字段中扇区号为 0x800 大小的 CD 扇区。检查ISOLINUX 引导加载程序以获取更多详细信息。入口点是_start，读取扇区的程序是getlinsec_cdrom。
编辑：阅读有关如何使用它的 int 13h 扩展的文档。基本上，您需要传递一个填充结构，其中包含扇区号、计数和缓冲区的地址，用于放置读取的数据。
我的引导加载程序认为它是在 0x07c0:0x000 而不是 0x0000:0x7c00 加载的。但它有效。我正在使用 GNU 工具。
这是组装：
/**
* This is the first stage bootloader. It is used to loader the second
* stage bootloader.
*/
# The address of this bootloader been loaded by BIOS
.equ BOOTLOADER_ADDR, 0x07c0
# The signature for bootloader.
.equ BOOT_MACHINE_SIGNATURE, 0xaa55
# The offset of the start of BPB (BIOS Parameter Block).
.equ BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_START, 0x03
# The offset of the end of BPB (BIOS Parameter Block).
.equ BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_END, 0x5a
# The offset of the end of the partition table.
.equ BOOT_MACHINE_PART_END, 0x1fe
/* The segment of disk buffer. The disk buffer MUST be 32K long and
cannot straddle a 64K boundary. */
.equ BOOT_MACHINE_BUFFER_SEG, 0x7000
.macro PRINT str
pusha
movw $\str, %si
call print
popa
.endm
.macro DUMP begin, size
movw $\begin, %si
movw $\size, %cx
call dump
.endm
.macro RESET_DISK drive
pusha
movb $\drive, %dl
movw 0x0, %ah
call reset_disk
popa
.endm
.macro READ_SECTORS drive, head, cylinder, sector, count, destination
pusha
movw $\destination, %ax
movw %ax, %es
xorw %bx, %bx
movb $\drive, %dl
movb $\head, %dh
movb $\cylinder, %ch
movb $\sector, %cl
movb $\count, %al
call read_sectors
popa
.endm
/**
* Entry point
*/
.file "boot.S"
.text
.code16
.org 0x0000
.globl _start, start;
_start:
start:
# The offset 0x0000 must be a jump to the reset of code.
jmp after_BPB
nop
. = _start + BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_START
. = _start + 4
disk_addr_packet:
.byte 0x10 # (00h) size of packet
.byte 0x00 # (01h) reserved
.word 0x0001 # (02h) number of blocks to transfer
.word 0x8000, 0x0000 # (04h) DWORD, transfer buffer
.word 0x0010, 0x0000 # (08h) QWORD, starting absolute block number
.word 0x0000, 0x0000
# (10h)
. = _start + BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_END
after_BPB:
cli # disable interrupt.
movw $BOOTLOADER_ADDR, %ax # set address expression
movw %ax, %ds
movw %ax, %es
# movw $BOOTLOADER_ADDR, %sp # stack grows down to 0x0000
PRINT message_booting
# We need make sure the BIOS supports the INT 13 extensions.
int13_ext_check:
mov $0x41, %ah
mov $0x55aa, %bx
# DL should contain the drive value. But we'd better save it.
push %dx
int $0x13
jc int13_ext_check_failed
cmpw $0xaa55, %bx
jne int13_ext_check_failed
andw $0x001, %cx # if function 42h-44h,47h,48h are supported
jz int13_ext_check_failed
jmp read_cd_content
int13_ext_check_failed:
PRINT message_no_int13_ext
jmp loop
read_cd_content:
# CHS mode : Cylinder-Head-Sector mode.
# LBA mode : Logical Block Addressing mode.
# When we use INT 13 extension, we use LBA mode in which
# the device is taken as a single large device.
PRINT message_loading_img
pop %dx
movw $disk_addr_packet, %si
movb $0x42, %ah
int $0x13
jc error_read_sectors
DUMP 0x0400, 16
jmp loop
error_read_sectors:
PRINT message_sector_read_err
jmp loop
loop:
PRINT message_halt
cli
hlt
jmp loop
message_booting:
.asciz "Booting ...\r\n"
message_halt:
.asciz "Boot Halt.\r\n"
message_no_int13_ext:
.asciz "No INT13 extension. Boot failed.\r\n"
message_loading_img:
.asciz "Loading OS image.\r\n"
message_sector_read_err:
.asciz "Sector read error.\r\n"
hexdump:
.byte 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08
/**
* Write the string pointed to by %si
* Each char is wrote by using BIOS INT 0x10.
* BIOS INT 0x10:
* AH = 0x0e
* AL = Character to write.
* BH = Page Number (Should be 0)
* BL = Foreground color (Graphics Modes Only)
* When using the function, put the string address to SI. The string
* should end with 0.
*/
1:
movw $0x0001, %bx
movb $0xe, %ah
int $0x10
print:
lodsb # Loads a byte pointed by SI into AL.
cmpb $0, %al
jne 1b
ret
/**
* Print the register's value.
*
print_reg:
/**
* Dump a area of data.
* Display 8 bytes of code each line. For every 10 line will wait for any key to continue.
* SI = The start address
* CX = The size of area to dump
*/
index:
.byte '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
.byte 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
enter_key:
.asciz "\r\n"
1:
ret
dump:
movb $10, %dl # DL = row counter, DH = column counter.
movb $8, %dh
cld
2:
cmpw $0, %cx
je 1b
xorw %ax, %ax # clean the AX at first.
lodsb # loads the byte pointed by SI into AL.
push %ax # because AH will be used, so we save AX.
shr $4, %ax # show first 4 bits.
movw $index, %di
addw %ax, %di
movb (%di), %al
movb $0xe, %ah
movw $0x0001, %bx # Page number = 0, froeground color = 1.
int $0x10
pop %ax
andw $0x000f, %ax # show last 4 bits.
movw $index, %di
addw %ax, %di
movb (%di), %al
movb $0xe, %ah
movw $0x0001, %bx
int $0x10
movb $' ', %al # display a space
movb $0xe, %ah
movw $0x0001, %bx
int $0x10
dec %cx
dec %dh
jnz 2b
PRINT enter_key
movb $8,%dh
jmp 2b
/**
* Reset the disk controller, let it go to the first sector.
* BIOS INT 0x13
* AH = 0x00
* DL = Drive to reset.
* Return:
* AH = Status code.
* CF = Clear if success, set if failure.
*/
reset_disk:
int $0x13
jc reset_disk
ret
/**
* Read sectors into memory
* BIOS INT 0x13
* AH = 0x02
* AL = Numbers of sectors to read.
* CH = Low eight bits of cylinder number.
* CL = Sector Number Bits 0-5. Bits 6-7 are for hard disks only.
* DH = Head number.
* DL = Drive number (Bit 7 set for hard disk)
* ES:BX = Buffer to read sector to
* Return
* AH = Status code
* AL = Number of sectors read
* CF = Set if failure, cleaned if successful.
*/
read_sectors:
int $0x13
jc read_sectors
ret
.fill 0x1fe - (. - _start) ,1,0
.org _start + BOOT_MACHINE_PART_END
.word BOOT_MACHINE_SIGNATURE
这是生成文件：
全部：
i686-elf-as -o boot.o boot.S
i686-elf-ld --oformat=binary -Ttext=0x0 -o boot.bin boot.o
# make fd 仅用于测试，我们的目标媒体是 CD。
fd：全部
dd status=noxfer conv=notrunc if=boot.bin of=floppy.flp
qemu-system-i386 -fda 软盘.flp
光盘：全部
mkdir -p iso/启动
cp boot.bin iso/boot/loader.sys
mkisofs -R -J -c 启动/bootcat \
-b boot/loader.sys -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
-输入字符集 utf-8 \
-o ./boot.iso ./iso
qemu-system-i386 -cdrom boot.iso
干净的：
@rm -rf iso boot.o boot.bin floppy.flp boot.iso
关键是要了解 Seg:Offset 如何在实模式下表示地址。