268

更具体地说，当异常包含自定义对象时，这些对象本身可能是可序列化的，也可能不是。

举个例子：

public class MyException : Exception
{
    private readonly string resourceName;
    private readonly IList<string> validationErrors;

    public MyException(string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors)
    {
        this.resourceName = resourceName;
        this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
    }

    public string ResourceName
    {
        get { return this.resourceName; }
    }

    public IList<string> ValidationErrors
    {
        get { return this.validationErrors; }
    }
}

如果此 Exception 被序列化和反序列化，则不会保留两个自定义属性 (ResourceName和)。ValidationErrors属性将返回null。

是否有用于实现自定义异常序列化的通用代码模式？

4

8 回答 8

488

基本实现，没有自定义属性

SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties.cs：

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;

    [Serializable]
    // Important: This attribute is NOT inherited from Exception, and MUST be specified 
    // otherwise serialization will fail with a SerializationException stating that
    // "Type X in Assembly Y is not marked as serializable."
    public class SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties : Exception
    {
        public SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties()
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(string message) 
            : base(message)
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(string message, Exception innerException) 
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        // Without this constructor, deserialization will fail
        protected SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) 
            : base(info, context)
        {
        }
    }
}

完全实现，带有自定义属性

自定义可序列化异常 ( MySerializableException) 和派生sealed异常 ( MyDerivedSerializableException) 的完整实现。

此处总结了有关此实现的要点：

  1. 您必须使用属性装饰每个派生类[Serializable]— 此属性不是从基类继承的，如果未指定，则序列化将失败SerializationException并显示“程序集 Y 中的类型 X 未标记为可序列化”。
  2. 您必须实现自定义序列化。[Serializable]仅有属性是不够的——实现Exception这ISerializable意味着您的派生类还必须实现自定义序列化。这包括两个步骤：
    1. 提供一个序列化构造函数。private如果您的类是，则此构造函数应该是sealed，否则应该是protected允许访问派生类。
    2. 覆盖 GetObjectData()并确保base.GetObjectData(info, context)在最后调用 to，以便让基类保存自己的状态。

SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties.cs：

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    using System.Security.Permissions;

    [Serializable]
    // Important: This attribute is NOT inherited from Exception, and MUST be specified 
    // otherwise serialization will fail with a SerializationException stating that
    // "Type X in Assembly Y is not marked as serializable."
    public class SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties : Exception
    {
        private readonly string resourceName;
        private readonly IList<string> validationErrors;

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties()
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message) 
            : base(message)
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message, Exception innerException)
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors)
            : base(message)
        {
            this.resourceName = resourceName;
            this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
        }

        public SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(string message, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors, Exception innerException)
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
            this.resourceName = resourceName;
            this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
        }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        // Constructor should be protected for unsealed classes, private for sealed classes.
        // (The Serializer invokes this constructor through reflection, so it can be private)
        protected SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
            : base(info, context)
        {
            this.resourceName = info.GetString("ResourceName");
            this.validationErrors = (IList<string>)info.GetValue("ValidationErrors", typeof(IList<string>));
        }

        public string ResourceName
        {
            get { return this.resourceName; }
        }

        public IList<string> ValidationErrors
        {
            get { return this.validationErrors; }
        }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");
            }

            info.AddValue("ResourceName", this.ResourceName);

            // Note: if "List<T>" isn't serializable you may need to work out another
            //       method of adding your list, this is just for show...
            info.AddValue("ValidationErrors", this.ValidationErrors, typeof(IList<string>));

            // MUST call through to the base class to let it save its own state
            base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        }
    }
}

DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperties.cs：

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    using System.Security.Permissions;

    [Serializable]
    public sealed class DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty : SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties
    {
        private readonly string username;

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty()
        {
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message)
            : base(message)
        {
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message, Exception innerException) 
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message, string username, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors) 
            : base(message, resourceName, validationErrors)
        {
            this.username = username;
        }

        public DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(string message, string username, string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors, Exception innerException) 
            : base(message, resourceName, validationErrors, innerException)
        {
            this.username = username;
        }

        [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        // Serialization constructor is private, as this class is sealed
        private DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
            : base(info, context)
        {
            this.username = info.GetString("Username");
        }

        public string Username
        {
            get { return this.username; }
        }

        public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");
            }
            info.AddValue("Username", this.username);
            base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        }
    }
}

单元测试

MSTest 对上面定义的三种异常类型进行单元测试。

单元测试.cs：

namespace SerializableExceptions
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
    using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

    [TestClass]
    public class UnitTests
    {
        private const string Message = "The widget has unavoidably blooped out.";
        private const string ResourceName = "Resource-A";
        private const string ValidationError1 = "You forgot to set the whizz bang flag.";
        private const string ValidationError2 = "Wally cannot operate in zero gravity.";
        private readonly List<string> validationErrors = new List<string>();
        private const string Username = "Barry";

        public UnitTests()
        {
            validationErrors.Add(ValidationError1);
            validationErrors.Add(ValidationError2);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestSerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties()
        {
            Exception ex =
                new SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties(
                    "Message", new Exception("Inner exception."));

            // Save the full ToString() value, including the exception message and stack trace.
            string exceptionToString = ex.ToString();

            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // "Save" object state
                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);

                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
                ms.Seek(0, 0);

                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
                ex = (SerializableExceptionWithoutCustomProperties)bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }

            // Double-check that the exception message and stack trace (owned by the base Exception) are preserved
            Assert.AreEqual(exceptionToString, ex.ToString(), "ex.ToString()");
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestSerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties()
        {
            SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties ex = 
                new SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties(Message, ResourceName, validationErrors);

            // Sanity check: Make sure custom properties are set before serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");

            // Save the full ToString() value, including the exception message and stack trace.
            string exceptionToString = ex.ToString();

            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // "Save" object state
                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);

                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
                ms.Seek(0, 0);

                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
                ex = (SerializableExceptionWithCustomProperties)bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }

            // Make sure custom properties are preserved after serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");

            // Double-check that the exception message and stack trace (owned by the base Exception) are preserved
            Assert.AreEqual(exceptionToString, ex.ToString(), "ex.ToString()");
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestDerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty()
        {
            DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty ex = 
                new DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty(Message, Username, ResourceName, validationErrors);

            // Sanity check: Make sure custom properties are set before serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");
            Assert.AreEqual(Username, ex.Username);

            // Save the full ToString() value, including the exception message and stack trace.
            string exceptionToString = ex.ToString();

            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                // "Save" object state
                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);

                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
                ms.Seek(0, 0);

                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
                ex = (DerivedSerializableExceptionWithAdditionalCustomProperty)bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }

            // Make sure custom properties are preserved after serialization
            Assert.AreEqual(Message, ex.Message, "Message");
            Assert.AreEqual(ResourceName, ex.ResourceName, "ex.ResourceName");
            Assert.AreEqual(2, ex.ValidationErrors.Count, "ex.ValidationErrors.Count");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError1, ex.ValidationErrors[0], "ex.ValidationErrors[0]");
            Assert.AreEqual(ValidationError2, ex.ValidationErrors[1], "ex.ValidationErrors[1]");
            Assert.AreEqual(Username, ex.Username);

            // Double-check that the exception message and stack trace (owned by the base Exception) are preserved
            Assert.AreEqual(exceptionToString, ex.ToString(), "ex.ToString()");
        }
    }
}
于 2008-09-19T08:00:25.490 回答
34

异常已经是可序列化的，但是您需要重写该GetObjectData方法来存储变量并提供一个构造函数，该构造函数可以在重新水合对象时调用。

所以你的例子变成：

[Serializable]
public class MyException : Exception
{
    private readonly string resourceName;
    private readonly IList<string> validationErrors;

    public MyException(string resourceName, IList<string> validationErrors)
    {
        this.resourceName = resourceName;
        this.validationErrors = validationErrors;
    }

    public string ResourceName
    {
        get { return this.resourceName; }
    }

    public IList<string> ValidationErrors
    {
        get { return this.validationErrors; }
    }

    [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter=true)]
    protected MyException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) : base (info, context)
    {
        this.resourceName = info.GetString("MyException.ResourceName");
        this.validationErrors = info.GetValue("MyException.ValidationErrors", typeof(IList<string>));
    }

    [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter=true)]
    public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        base.GetObjectData(info, context);

        info.AddValue("MyException.ResourceName", this.ResourceName);

        // Note: if "List<T>" isn't serializable you may need to work out another
        //       method of adding your list, this is just for show...
        info.AddValue("MyException.ValidationErrors", this.ValidationErrors, typeof(IList<string>));
    }

}
于 2008-09-18T17:21:40.030 回答
12

Data要添加到上面的正确答案，我发现如果我将自定义属性存储在类的集合中，我可以避免做这种自定义序列化的东西Exception。

例如：

[Serializable]
public class JsonReadException : Exception
{
    // ...

    public string JsonFilePath
    {
        get { return Data[@"_jsonFilePath"] as string; }
        private set { Data[@"_jsonFilePath"] = value; }
    }

    public string Json
    {
        get { return Data[@"_json"] as string; }
        private set { Data[@"_json"] = value; }
    }

    // ...
}

就性能而言，这可能比Daniel 提供的解决方案效率低，并且可能仅适用于字符串和整数等“整数”类型。

对我来说，这仍然很容易，也很容易理解。

于 2014-11-12T19:47:32.233 回答
10

实现 ISerializable，并按照正常模式执行此操作。

您需要使用 [Serializable] 属性标记类，并添加对该接口的支持，并添加隐含的构造函数（在该页面上描述，搜索暗示构造函数）。您可以在文本下方的代码中看到其实现示例。

于 2008-09-18T17:08:33.183 回答
2

MSDN 上曾经有 Eric Gunnerson 的一篇优秀文章《The well-tempered exception》，但是好像被撤了。网址是：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncscol/html/csharp08162001.asp

Aydsman 的回答是正确的，更多信息在这里：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229064.aspx

我想不出具有不可序列化成员的异常的任何用例，但是如果您避免尝试在 GetObjectData 和反序列化构造函数中序列化/反序列化它们，您应该没问题。还要用 [NonSerialized] 属性标记它们，更多的是作为文档而不是其他任何东西，因为您自己实现了序列化。

于 2008-09-18T18:48:17.000 回答
1

在 .NET Core 中，.Net 5.0 及更高版本不使用 Serializable，因为 Microsoft 遵循BinaryFormatter中的安全威胁实践。

使用存储在 Data Collection 中的示例

于 2021-03-19T17:50:54.887 回答
0

用 [Serializable] 标记该类，尽管我不确定序列化程序将如何处理 IList 成员。

编辑

下面的帖子是正确的，因为您的自定义异常具有带参数的构造函数，您必须实现 ISerializable。

如果您使用默认构造函数并使用 getter/setter 属性公开两个自定义成员，则只需设置属性即可。

于 2008-09-18T17:07:04.607 回答
-5

我必须认为想要序列化异常是一个强烈的迹象，表明你对某事采取了错误的方法。这里的最终目标是什么？如果您在两个进程之间传递异常，或者在同一进程的不同运行之间传递异常，那么异常的大多数属性在另一个进程中都不会有效。

在 catch() 语句中提取所需的状态信息并将其归档可能更有意义。

于 2008-09-18T17:11:42.410 回答