在下面的代码中是函数 make_vector()。它创建一个向量并将其返回给调用者。我希望能够为要使用的向量指定一个分配器,但默认情况下使用默认的 std::allocator 。这是因为在某些情况下,我只需要默认分配器,但有时我需要从一些预定义的内存池中分配。
我最接近的是 make_vector2() 函数模板。它适用于 std::allocator,但我不知道如何将“arena”参数传递给我的自定义分配器。
希望这个工作的 c++11 示例能更好地解释它:
#include <malloc.h>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>
namespace mem
{
// Memory arena to allocate from.
enum class ARENA
{
TEXTURES,
FONTS,
SCRIPTS
};
// Allocate block from specific arena.
void *malloc( const std::size_t size, const ARENA arena )
{
return std::malloc( size /*, arena */ );
}
// Free block from specific arena.
void free( void *ptr, const ARENA arena )
{
std::free( ptr /*, arena */ );
}
// The allocator - forward declaration.
// Not derived from std::allocator - should it be?
// Based on code from here:
// http://drdobbs.com/184403759?pgno=2
template<typename T> class allocator;
// Specialised for void.
template<> class allocator<void>
{
public:
typedef std::size_t size_type;
typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef void* pointer;
typedef const void* const_pointer;
typedef void value_type;
template<typename U> struct rebind
{
typedef allocator<U> other;
};
};
template<typename T> class allocator
{
public:
typedef std::size_t size_type;
typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef T* pointer;
typedef const T* const_pointer;
typedef T& reference;
typedef const T& const_reference;
typedef T value_type;
template<typename U> struct rebind
{
typedef allocator<U> other;
};
allocator( ARENA arena ) noexcept :
arena_( arena )
{}
~allocator() noexcept
{}
pointer address( reference x ) const
{
return &x;
}
const_pointer address( const_reference x ) const
{
return &x;
}
pointer allocate( size_type n, allocator<void>::const_pointer hint = 0 )
{
void *p = mem::malloc( n * sizeof( T ), arena_ );
if ( p == nullptr )
{
throw std::bad_alloc();
}
return static_cast<pointer>( p );
}
void deallocate( pointer p, size_type n )
{
mem::free( p, arena_ );
}
size_type max_size() const noexcept
{
return std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / sizeof( T );
}
void construct( pointer p, const T& val )
{
new (p) T(val);
}
void destroy( pointer p )
{
p->~T();
}
allocator( const allocator& src ) noexcept
{
arena_ = src.arena_;
}
ARENA arena_;
};
} // namespace mem
template<class T1, class T2> bool operator==( const mem::allocator<T1> &alloc1, const mem::allocator<T2> &alloc2 ) noexcept
{
return alloc1.arena_ == alloc2.arena_;
}
template<class T1, class T2> bool operator!=( const mem::allocator<T1> &alloc1, const mem::allocator<T2> &alloc2 ) noexcept
{
if alloc1.arena_ != alloc2.arena_;
}
// How do I allow the custom allocator to be passed? Function parameter? Template?
std::vector<uint8_t> make_vector()
{
std::vector<uint8_t> vec;
// Do stuff with the vector
return vec;
}
// This template function seems to work with std::allocator
template< typename T > std::vector<uint8_t,T> make_vector2()
{
std::vector<uint8_t,T> vec;
// Do stuff with the vector.
return vec;
}
int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
// vec1 - Allocates from TEXTURES arena
// See the C++11 FAQ by Bjarne Stroustrup here:
// http://www2.research.att.com/~bs/C++0xFAQ.html#scoped-allocator
std::vector<uint8_t, mem::allocator<uint8_t>> vec1( mem::allocator<uint8_t>{mem::ARENA::TEXTURES} );
// vec2 - Make the vector using the default allocator.
auto vec2 = make_vector2< std::allocator<uint8_t> >();
return 0;
}
在 main() 中,创建了 vec1 以使用 TEXTURES arena 进行分配。要使用的 arena 被传递到分配器的构造函数中。Vec2 由 make_vector2() 模板函数创建并使用 std::allocator。
问:如何定义 make_vector() 函数,以便它可以创建一个使用 std::allocator 或上面的自定义池分配器的向量?