你如何得到一个字符串的最后一个单词,从 '\0' 换行符开始到最右边的空格?例如,我可以有这样的东西,其中 str 可以被分配一个字符串:
char str[80];
str = "my cat is yellow";
我怎么会变黄?
像这样的东西:
char *p = strrchr(str, ' ');
if (p && *(p + 1))
printf("%s\n", p + 1);
如果您不想使用“strrchr”功能,这里是解决方案。
i = 0;
char *last_word;
while (str[i] != '\0')
{
if (str[i] <= 32 && str[i + 1] > 32)
last_word = &str[i + 1];
i++;
}
i = 0;
while (last_word && last_word[i] > 32)
{
write(1, &last_word[i], 1);
i++;
}
我会使用功能strrchr()
最好的方法是利用现有的解决方案。一个这样的解决方案(针对更普遍的问题)是Perl Compatible Regular Expressions,这是一个 C 的开源正则表达式库。因此,您可以将字符串“my cat is yellow”与正则表达式 \b(\w+) 匹配$(在 C 中表示为“\b(\w+)$”)并保留第一个捕获的组,即“黄色”。
(沉重的叹息)标准/K&R/ANSI C 中的原始代码是错误的!它不会初始化字符串(名为 str 的字符数组)!如果示例编译,我会感到惊讶。您的程序段真正需要的是
if strcpy(str, "my cat is yellow")
{
/* everything went well, or at least one or more characters were copied. */
}
或者,如果您承诺不尝试操作字符串,您可以在源代码中使用指向硬编码的“my cat is yellow”字符串的 char 指针。
如果,如前所述,“单词”以空格字符或 NULL 字符为界,那么声明一个字符指针并从 NULL 之前的字符向后走会更快。显然,您首先必须确保有一个非空字符串....
#define NO_SPACE 20
#define ZERO_LENGTH -1
int iLen;
char *cPtr;
if (iLen=strlen(str) ) /* get the number of characters in the sting */
{ /* there is at least one character in the string */
cPtr = (char *)(str + iLen); /* point to the NULL ending the string */
cPtr--; /* back up one character */
while (cPtr != str)
{ /* make sure there IS a space in the string
and that we don't walk too far back! */
if (' ' == *cPtr)
{ /* found a space */
/* Notice that we put the constant on the left?
That's insurance; the compiler would complain if we'd typed = instead of ==
*/
break;
}
cPtr--; /* walk back toward the beginning of the string */
}
if (cPtr != str)
{ /* found a space */
/* display the word and exit with the success code */
printf("The word is '%s'.\n", cPtr + 1);
exit (0);
}
else
{ /* oops. no space found in the string */
/* complain and exit with an error code */
fprintf(STDERR, "No space found.\n");
exit (NO_SPACE);
}
}
else
{ /* zero-length string. complain and exit with an error code. */
fprintf(STDERR, "Empty string.\n");
exit (ZERO_LENGTH);
}
现在您可以争辩说任何非字母字符都应该标记单词边界,例如“Dogs-chase-cats”或“my cat:yellow”。在那种情况下,很容易说
if (!isalpha(*cPtr) )
在循环中,而不是仅仅寻找一个空间......