已解决 - 代理的“包含”和“排除”参数指的是类名，而不是文件。
对于我的案例，正确的 JVM 代理参数是：
-javaagent:${jbossas.ts.dir}/target/jacoco-jars/agent/jacocoagent.jar=destfile=${basedir}/target/jacoco.exec,includes=*,excludes=org.jboss.as.test.*,append=true,output=file
我的方法是配置 maven jacoco 插件来获取参数，然后将属性硬编码到 pom.xml 中，因为插件生成的属性没有传递给 Surefire 插件。
<profile>
<id>ts.jacoco.profile</id>
<activation><property><name>coverage</name></property></activation>
<properties>
<jvm.args.jacoco>-javaagent:${jbossas.ts.dir}/target/jacoco-jars/agent/jacocoagent.jar=destfile=${basedir}/target/jacoco.exec,includes=*,excludes=org.jboss.as.test.*,append=true,output=file</jvm.args.jacoco>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${version.jacoco.plugin}</version>
<executions>
<execution><id>ts.jacoco-prepare</id>
<phase>process-test-classes</phase>
<goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
<configuration>
<append>true</append>
<destFile>target/jacoco.exec</destFile>
<includes>
<include>*</include>
</includes>
<excludes>
<exclude>org.jboss.as.test.*</exclude>
</excludes>
<output>file</output>
<propertyName>jvm.args.jacoco</propertyName>
</configuration>
</execution>
<!-- Doesn't work currently - waiting for JaCoCo to fix this. Moved to the Ant plugin execution. -->
<execution><id>ts.jacoco.report</id>
<phase>none</phase> <!-- post-integration-test -->
<goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
<configuration>
<dataFile>target/jacoco.exec</dataFile>
<outputDirectory>target/coverageReport</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- Copy JaCoCo jars to have them for the Ant plugin. -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<!-- Copy the ant tasks jar. Needed for ts.jacoco.report-ant . -->
<execution> <id>ts.jacoco.dep.ant</id> <goals><goal>copy</goal></goals> <phase>process-test-resources</phase> <inherited>false</inherited>
<configuration>
<artifactItems>
<artifactItem><groupId>org.jacoco</groupId><artifactId>org.jacoco.ant</artifactId><version>${version.jacoco.plugin}</version></artifactItem>
</artifactItems>
<stripVersion>true</stripVersion>
<outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/jacoco-jars</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
<!-- Copy the agent jar. Needed for ${jvm.args.jacoco} to have this jar on known path.
If the ts.jacoco-prepare worked and really put the value into the property, this might go away. -->
<execution> <id>ts.jacoco.dep.agent</id> <goals><goal>unpack</goal></goals> <phase>process-test-resources</phase> <inherited>false</inherited>
<configuration>
<artifactItems>
<artifactItem><groupId>org.jacoco</groupId><artifactId>org.jacoco.agent</artifactId><version>${version.jacoco.plugin}</version></artifactItem>
</artifactItems>
<stripVersion>true</stripVersion>
<outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/jacoco-jars/agent</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- Ant plugin. -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<!-- DEBUG -->
<execution>
<id>ts.jacoco.debug</id>
<phase>post-integration-test</phase>
<goals><goal>run</goal></goals>
<inherited>false</inherited>
<configuration>
<target>
<echo>Jacoco argline: ${jvm.args.jacoco}</echo>
<echo>Jacoco jar: ${basedir}/target/jacoco-jars/org.jacoco.ant.jar</echo>
</target>
</configuration>
</execution>
<!-- Must be run using Ant due to https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3474708&group_id=177969&atid=883354 -->
<execution>
<id>ts.jacoco.report-ant</id>
<phase>site</phase> <!-- post-integration-test -->
<goals><goal>run</goal></goals>
<inherited>false</inherited>
<configuration>
<target>
<taskdef name="report" classname="org.jacoco.ant.ReportTask">
<classpath path="${basedir}/target/jacoco-jars/org.jacoco.ant.jar"/>
</taskdef>
<echo>Creating JaCoCo test coverage reports...</echo>
<mkdir dir="${basedir}/target/coverage-report"/>
<report>
<executiondata>
<fileset dir="${basedir}">
<include name="**/target/jacoco.exec"/>
</fileset>
</executiondata>
<structure name="AS 7 project">
<classfiles>
<fileset dir="${jboss.dist}/modules">
<include name="**/*.jar"/>
<!-- We have 2.x in main. -->
<exclude name="com/sun/jsf-impl/1.*/**/*"/>
<!-- AS7-3383 - com/sun/codemodel vs. /1.0/com/sun/codemodel -->
<exclude name="com/sun/xml/**/*"/>
<exclude name="javax/faces/api/1.2/**/*"/>
<!-- AS7-3390 -->
<exclude name="org/apache/commons/beanutils/**/*"/>
<!-- AS7-3389 -->
<exclude name="org/python/jython/standalone/**/*"/>
</fileset>
</classfiles>
<sourcefiles encoding="UTF-8">
<fileset dir="${jbossas.project.dir}">
<include name="**/*.java"/>
<exclude name="testsuite/**/*.java"/>
</fileset>
</sourcefiles>
</structure>
<html destdir ="${basedir}/target/coverage-report/html"/>
<xml destfile="${basedir}/target/coverage-report/coverage-report.xml"/>
<csv destfile="${basedir}/target/coverage-report/coverage-report.csv"/>
</report>
</target>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>org.jacoco.ant</artifactId>
<version>${version.jacoco.plugin}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>