我们正在为同时开发的一个硬件实现一个模拟器。这个想法是为第 3 方提供一个软件解决方案来测试他们的客户端软件，并为硬件开发人员提供一个参考点来实现他们的固件。
为硬件编写协议的人使用了名为 INCA_XDR 的自定义版本的 SUN XDR。它是一个序列化和反序列化消息的工具。它是用 C 语言编写的，我们希望避免使用任何本机代码，因此我们手动解析协议数据。
该协议本质上相当复杂，数据包可以有许多不同的结构，但它始终具有相同的全局结构：
[头部] [介绍] [数据] [尾部]
[HEAD] =
byte sync 0x03
byte length X [MSB] X = length of [HEADER] + [INTRO] + [DATA]
byte length X [LSB] X = length of [HEADER] + [INTRO] + [DATA]
byte check X [MSB] X = crc of [INTRO] [DATA]
byte check X [LSB] X = crc of [INTRO] [DATA]
byte headercheck X X = XOR over [SYNC] [LENGTH] [CHECK]
[INTRO]
byte version 0x03
byte address X X = 0 for point-to-point, 1-254 for specific controller, 255 = broadcast
byte sequence X X = sequence number
byte group X [MSB] X = The category of the message
byte group X [LSB] X = The category of the message
byte type X [MSB] X = The id of the message
byte type X [LSB] X = The id of the message
[DATA] =
The actual data for the specified message,
this format really differs a lot.
It always starts with a DRCode which is one byte.
It more or less specifies the general structure of
the data, but even within the same structure the data
can mean many different things and have different lengths.
(I think this is an artifact of the INCA_XDR tool)
[TAIL] =
byte 0x0D
如您所见，有很多开销数据，但这是因为该协议需要同时使用 RS232（点对多点）和 TCP/IP (p2p)。
name size value
drcode 1 1
name 8 contains a name that can be used as a file name (only alphanumeric characters allowed)
timestamp 14 yyyymmddhhmmss contains timestamp of bitmap library
size 4 size of bitmap library to be loaded
options 1 currently no options
或者它可能具有完全不同的结构：
name size value
drcode 1 2
lastblock 1 0 - 1 1 indicates last block. Firmware can be stored
blocknumber 2 Indicates block of firmware
blocksize 2 N size of block to load
blockdata N data of block of firmware
有时它只是一个 DRCode，没有额外的数据。
基于组和类型字段，模拟器需要执行某些操作。因此，首先我们查看这两个字段，并在此基础上了解对数据的期望，并且必须正确解析它。
然后需要生成响应数据，该数据又具有许多不同的数据结构。一些消息只是生成一个 ACK 或 NACK 消息，而另一些则生成一个带有数据的真实回复。
我们决定把事情分成小块。
首先是 IDataProcessor。
实现此接口的类负责验证原始数据并生成 Message 类的实例。他们不负责通信，他们只是传递一个字节[]
原始数据验证意味着检查标头中的校验和、CRC 和长度错误。
生成的消息被传递给实现 IMessageProcessor 的类。即使原始数据被认为是无效的，因为 IDataProcessor 没有响应消息或其他任何东西的概念，它所做的只是验证原始数据。
为了通知 IMessageProcessor 有关错误，向 Message 类添加了一些附加属性：
bool nakError = false;
bool tailError = false;
bool crcError = false;
bool headerError = false;
bool lengthError = false;
它们与协议无关，只存在于 IMessageProcessor
IMessageProcessor 是完成真正工作的地方。由于所有不同的消息组和类型，我决定使用 F# 来实现 IMessageProcessor 接口，因为模式匹配似乎是避免大量嵌套 if/else 和 caste 语句的好方法。（我之前没有使用过 F# 甚至是 LINQ 和 SQL 以外的函数式语言）
IMessageProcessor 分析数据并决定它应该在 IHardwareController 上调用哪些方法。拥有 IHardwareController 似乎是多余的，但我们希望能够将它换成不同的实现，而不是被迫使用 F#。当前的实现是一个 WPF 窗口，但它可能是一个 Cocoa# 窗口或只是一个控制台。
IHardwareController 还负责管理状态，因为开发人员应该能够通过用户界面操作硬件参数和错误。
因此，一旦 IMessageProcessor 调用了 IHardwareController 上的正确方法，它就必须生成响应消息。同样......这些响应消息中的数据可以有许多不同的结构。
最终，IDataFactory 用于将 Message 转换为原始协议数据，准备好发送到负责通信的任何类。（例如，可能需要对数据进行额外封装）
编写这段代码并不“难”，但所有不同的命令和数据结构都需要大量代码，而且我们可以重用的东西很少。（至少就我现在所见，希望有人能证明我错了）
这是我第一次使用 F#，所以我实际上是边学边学。下面的代码远未完成，可能看起来像一团糟。它只实现了协议中的所有消息中的一小部分，我可以告诉你有很多很多。所以这个文件会变得很大！
重要提示：字节顺序通过网络反转（历史原因）
module Arendee.Hardware.MessageProcessors
open System;
open System.Collections
open Arendee.Hardware.Extenders
open Arendee.Hardware.Interfaces
open System.ComponentModel.Composition
open System.Threading
open System.Text
let VPL_NOERROR = (uint16)0
let VPL_CHECKSUM = (uint16)1
let VPL_FRAMELENGTH = (uint16)2
let VPL_OUTOFSEQUENCE = (uint16)3
let VPL_GROUPNOTSUPPORTED = (uint16)4
let VPL_REQUESTNOTSUPPORTED = (uint16)5
let VPL_EXISTS = (uint16)6
let VPL_INVALID = (uint16)7
let VPL_TYPERROR = (uint16)8
let VPL_NOTLOADING = (uint16)9
let VPL_NOTFOUND = (uint16)10
let VPL_OUTOFMEM = (uint16)11
let VPL_INUSE = (uint16)12
let VPL_SIZE = (uint16)13
let VPL_BUSY = (uint16)14
let SYNC_BYTE = (byte)0xE3
let TAIL_BYTE = (byte)0x0D
let MESSAGE_GROUP_VERSION = 3uy
let MESSAGE_GROUP = 701us
[<Export(typeof<IMessageProcessor>)>]
type public StandardMessageProcessor() = class
let mutable controller : IHardwareController = null
interface IMessageProcessor with
member this.ProcessMessage m : Message =
printfn "%A" controller.Status
controller.Status <- ControllerStatusExtender.DisableBit(controller.Status,ControllerStatus.Nak)
match m with
| m when m.LengthError -> this.nakResponse(m,VPL_FRAMELENGTH)
| m when m.CrcError -> this.nakResponse(m,VPL_CHECKSUM)
| m when m.HeaderError -> this.nakResponse(m,VPL_CHECKSUM)
| m -> this.processValidMessage m
| _ -> null
member public x.HardwareController
with get () = controller
and set y = controller <- y
end
member private this.processValidMessage (m : Message) =
match m.Intro.MessageGroup with
| 701us -> this.processDefaultGroupMessage(m);
| _ -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_GROUPNOTSUPPORTED);
member private this.processDefaultGroupMessage(m : Message) =
match m.Intro.MessageType with
| (1us) -> this.firmwareVersionListResponse(m) //ListFirmwareVersions 0
| (2us) -> this.StartLoadingFirmwareVersion(m) //StartLoadingFirmwareVersion 1
| (3us) -> this.LoadFirmwareVersionBlock(m) //LoadFirmwareVersionBlock 2
| (4us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //RemoveFirmwareVersion 3
| (5us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //ActivateFirmwareVersion 3
| (12us) -> this.nakResponse(m,VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //StartLoadingBitmapLibrary 2
| (13us) -> this.nakResponse(m,VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //LoadBitmapLibraryBlock 2
| (21us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //ListFonts 0
| (22us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //LoadFont 4
| (23us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //RemoveFont 3
| (24us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //SetDefaultFont 3
| (31us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //ListParameterSets 0
| (32us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //LoadParameterSets 4
| (33us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //RemoveParameterSet 3
| (34us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //ActivateParameterSet 3
| (35us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //GetParameterSet 3
| (41us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //StartSelfTest 0
| (42us) -> this.returnStatus(m) //GetStatus 0
| (43us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //GetStatusDetail 0
| (44us) -> this.ResetStatus(m) //ResetStatus 5
| (45us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //SetDateTime 6
| (46us) -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_FRAMELENGTH) //GetDateTime 0
| _ -> this.nakResponse(m, VPL_REQUESTNOTSUPPORTED)
(* The various responses follow *)
//Generate a NAK response
member private this.nakResponse (message : Message , error) =
controller.Status <- controller.Status ||| ControllerStatus.Nak
let intro = new MessageIntro()
intro.MessageGroupVersion <- MESSAGE_GROUP_VERSION
intro.Address <- message.Intro.Address
intro.SequenceNumber <- this.setHigh(message.Intro.SequenceNumber)
intro.MessageGroup <- MESSAGE_GROUP
intro.MessageType <- 130us
let errorBytes = UShortExtender.ToIntelOrderedByteArray(error)
let data = Array.zero_create(5)
let x = this.getStatusBytes
let y = this.getStatusBytes
data.[0] <- 7uy
data.[1..2] <- this.getStatusBytes
data.[3..4] <- errorBytes
let header = this.buildHeader intro data
let message = new Message()
message.Header <- header
message.Intro <- intro
message.Tail <- TAIL_BYTE
message.Data <- data
message
//Generate an ACK response
member private this.ackResponse (message : Message) =
let intro = new MessageIntro()
intro.MessageGroupVersion <- MESSAGE_GROUP_VERSION
intro.Address <- message.Intro.Address
intro.SequenceNumber <- this.setHigh(message.Intro.SequenceNumber)
intro.MessageGroup <- MESSAGE_GROUP
intro.MessageType <- 129us
let data = Array.zero_create(3);
data.[0] <- 0x05uy
data.[1..2] <- this.getStatusBytes
let header = this.buildHeader intro data
message.Header <- header
message.Intro <- intro
message.Tail <- TAIL_BYTE
message.Data <- data
message
//Generate a ReturnFirmwareVersionList
member private this.firmwareVersionListResponse (message : Message) =
//Validation
if message.Data.[0] <> 0x00uy then
this.nakResponse(message,VPL_INVALID)
else
let intro = new MessageIntro()
intro.MessageGroupVersion <- MESSAGE_GROUP_VERSION
intro.Address <- message.Intro.Address
intro.SequenceNumber <- this.setHigh(message.Intro.SequenceNumber)
intro.MessageGroup <- MESSAGE_GROUP
intro.MessageType <- 132us
let firmwareVersions = controller.ReturnFirmwareVersionList();
let firmwareVersionBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint16)firmwareVersions.Count) |> Array.rev
//Create the data
let data = Array.zero_create(3 + (int)firmwareVersions.Count * 27)
data.[0] <- 0x09uy //drcode
data.[1..2] <- firmwareVersionBytes //Number of firmware versions
let mutable index = 0
let loops = firmwareVersions.Count - 1
for i = 0 to loops do
let nameBytes = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(firmwareVersions.[i].Name) |> Array.rev
let timestampBytes = this.getTimeStampBytes firmwareVersions.[i].Timestamp |> Array.rev
let sizeBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(firmwareVersions.[i].Size) |> Array.rev
data.[index + 3 .. index + 10] <- nameBytes
data.[index + 11 .. index + 24] <- timestampBytes
data.[index + 25 .. index + 28] <- sizeBytes
data.[index + 29] <- firmwareVersions.[i].Status
index <- index + 27
let header = this.buildHeader intro data
message.Header <- header
message.Intro <- intro
message.Data <- data
message.Tail <- TAIL_BYTE
message
//Generate ReturnStatus
member private this.returnStatus (message : Message) =
//Validation
if message.Data.[0] <> 0x00uy then
this.nakResponse(message,VPL_INVALID)
else
let intro = new MessageIntro()
intro.MessageGroupVersion <- MESSAGE_GROUP_VERSION
intro.Address <- message.Intro.Address
intro.SequenceNumber <- this.setHigh(message.Intro.SequenceNumber)
intro.MessageGroup <- MESSAGE_GROUP
intro.MessageType <- 131us
let statusDetails = controller.ReturnStatus();
let sizeBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint16)statusDetails.Length) |> Array.rev
let detailBytes = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(statusDetails) |> Array.rev
let data = Array.zero_create(statusDetails.Length + 5)
data.[0] <- 0x08uy
data.[1..2] <- this.getStatusBytes
data.[3..4] <- sizeBytes //Details size
data.[5..5 + statusDetails.Length - 1] <- detailBytes
let header = this.buildHeader intro data
message.Header <- header
message.Intro <- intro
message.Data <- data
message.Tail <- TAIL_BYTE
message
//Reset some status bytes
member private this.ResetStatus (message : Message) =
if message.Data.[0] <> 0x05uy then
this.nakResponse(message, VPL_INVALID)
else
let flagBytes = message.Data.[1..2] |> Array.rev
let flags = Enum.ToObject(typeof<ControllerStatus>,BitConverter.ToInt16(flagBytes,0)) :?> ControllerStatus
let retVal = controller.ResetStatus flags
if retVal <> 0x00us then
this.nakResponse(message,retVal)
else
this.ackResponse(message)
//StartLoadingFirmwareVersion (Ack/Nak)
member private this.StartLoadingFirmwareVersion (message : Message) =
if (message.Data.[0] <> 0x01uy) then
this.nakResponse(message, VPL_INVALID)
else
//Analyze the data
let name = message.Data.[1..8] |> Array.rev |> ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString
let text = message.Data.[9..22] |> Array.rev |> Seq.map(fun x -> ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(x.ToString()).[0]) |> Seq.to_array |> ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString
let timestamp = DateTime.ParseExact(text,"yyyyMMddHHmmss",Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture)
let size = BitConverter.ToUInt32(message.Data.[23..26] |> Array.rev,0)
let overwrite =
match message.Data.[27] with
| 0x00uy -> false
| _ -> true
//Create a FirmwareVersion instance
let firmware = new FirmwareVersion();
firmware.Name <- name
firmware.Timestamp <- timestamp
firmware.Size <- size
let retVal = controller.StartLoadingFirmwareVersion(firmware,overwrite)
if retVal <> 0x00us then
this.nakResponse(message, retVal) //The controller denied the request
else
this.ackResponse(message);
//LoadFirmwareVersionBlock (ACK/NAK)
member private this.LoadFirmwareVersionBlock (message : Message) =
if message.Data.[0] <> 0x02uy then
this.nakResponse(message, VPL_INVALID)
else
//Analyze the data
let lastBlock =
match message.Data.[1] with
| 0x00uy -> false
| _true -> true
let blockNumber = BitConverter.ToUInt16(message.Data.[2..3] |> Array.rev,0)
let blockSize = BitConverter.ToUInt16(message.Data.[4..5] |> Array.rev,0)
let blockData = message.Data.[6..6 + (int)blockSize - 1] |> Array.rev
let retVal = controller.LoadFirmwareVersionBlock(lastBlock, blockNumber, blockSize, blockData)
if retVal <> 0x00us then
this.nakResponse(message, retVal)
else
this.ackResponse(message)
(* Helper methods *)
//We need to convert the DateTime instance to a byte[] understood by the device "yyyymmddhhmmss"
member private this.getTimeStampBytes (date : DateTime) =
let stringNumberToByte s = Byte.Parse(s.ToString()) //Casting to (byte) would give different results
let yearString = date.Year.ToString("0000")
let monthString = date.Month.ToString("00")
let dayString = date.Day.ToString("00")
let hourString = date.Hour.ToString("00")
let minuteString = date.Minute.ToString("00")
let secondsString = date.Second.ToString("00")
let y1 = stringNumberToByte yearString.[0]
let y2 = stringNumberToByte yearString.[1]
let y3 = stringNumberToByte yearString.[2]
let y4 = stringNumberToByte yearString.[3]
let m1 = stringNumberToByte monthString.[0]
let m2 = stringNumberToByte monthString.[1]
let d1 = stringNumberToByte dayString.[0]
let d2 = stringNumberToByte dayString.[1]
let h1 = stringNumberToByte hourString.[0]
let h2 = stringNumberToByte hourString.[1]
let min1 = stringNumberToByte minuteString.[0]
let min2 = stringNumberToByte minuteString.[1]
let s1 = stringNumberToByte secondsString.[0]
let s2 = stringNumberToByte secondsString.[1]
[| y1 ; y2 ; y3 ; y4 ; m1 ; m2 ; d1 ; d2 ; h1 ; h2 ; min1 ; min2 ; s1; s2 |]
//Sets the high bit of a byte to 1
member private this.setHigh (b : byte) : byte =
let array = new BitArray([| b |])
array.[7] <- true
let mutable converted = [| 0 |]
array.CopyTo(converted, 0);
(byte)converted.[0]
//Build the header of a Message based on Intro + Data
member private this.buildHeader (intro : MessageIntro) (data : byte[]) =
let headerLength = 7;
let introLength = 7;
let length = (uint16)(headerLength + introLength + data.Length)
let crcData = ByteArrayExtender.Concat(intro.GetRawData(),data)
let crcValue = ByteArrayExtender.CalculateCRC16(crcData)
let lengthBytes = UShortExtender.ToIntelOrderedByteArray(length);
let crcValueBytes = UShortExtender.ToIntelOrderedByteArray(crcValue);
let headerChecksum = (byte)(SYNC_BYTE ^^^ lengthBytes.[0] ^^^ lengthBytes.[1] ^^^ crcValueBytes.[0] ^^^ crcValueBytes.[1])
let header = new MessageHeader();
header.Sync <- SYNC_BYTE
header.Length <- length
header.HeaderChecksum <- headerChecksum
header.DataChecksum <- crcValue
header
member private this.getStatusBytes =
let l = controller.Status
let status = (uint16)controller.Status
let statusBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(status);
statusBytes |> Array.rev
end
（请注意，在真实来源中，类有不同的名称，比“硬件”更具体）
我希望得到建议、改进代码的方法，甚至是处理问题的不同方法。例如，使用 IronPython 等动态语言会不会让事情变得更容易，我是不是走错了路。你对这样的问题有什么经验，你会改变什么，避免什么等等......
更新：
根据布赖恩的回答，我写下了以下内容：
type DrCode9Item = {Name : string ; Timestamp : DateTime ; Size : uint32; Status : byte}
type DrCode11Item = {Id : byte ; X : uint16 ; Y : uint16 ; SizeX : uint16 ; SizeY : uint16
Font : string ; Alignment : byte ; Scroll : byte ; Flash : byte}
type DrCode12Item = {Id : byte ; X : uint16 ; Y : uint16 ; SizeX : uint16 ; SizeY : uint16}
type DrCode14Item = {X : byte ; Y : byte}
type DRType =
| DrCode0 of byte
| DrCode1 of byte * string * DateTime * uint32 * byte
| DrCode2 of byte * byte * uint16 * uint16 * array<byte>
| DrCode3 of byte * string
| DrCode4 of byte * string * DateTime * byte * uint16 * array<byte>
| DrCode5 of byte * uint16
| DrCode6 of byte * DateTime
| DrCode7 of byte * uint16 * uint16
| DrCode8 of byte * uint16 * uint16 * uint16 * array<byte>
| DrCode9 of byte * uint16 * array<DrCode9Item>
| DrCode10 of byte * string * DateTime * uint32 * byte * array<byte>
| DrCode11 of byte * array<DrCode11Item>
| DrCode12 of byte * array<DrCode12Item>
| DrCode13 of byte * uint16 * byte * uint16 * uint16 * string * byte * byte
| DrCode14 of byte * array<DrCode14Item>
我可以继续为所有 DR 类型（很多）执行此操作，但我仍然不明白这对我有什么帮助。我已经在 Wikibooks 和 F# Foundations 中读到过它，但我的脑海中还没有出现什么问题。
更新 2
所以，我知道我可以执行以下操作：
let execute dr =
match dr with
| DrCode0(drCode) -> printfn "Do something"
| DrCode1(drCode, name, timestamp, size, options) -> printfn "Show the size %A" size
| _ -> ()
let date = DateTime.Now
let x = DrCode1(1uy,"blabla", date, 100ul, 0uy)
但是当消息进入 IMessageProcessor 时，就可以选择它是什么类型的消息，然后调用适当的函数。以上只是附加代码，至少这是理解它的方式，所以我真的在这里错过了这一点......但我没有看到它。
execute x