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我正在使用装有 OS 10.7.2 和 Apple 默认 python 2.7.1 的 Mac。我通过源代码安装了 opencv 2.3.1，并且可以确认它import cv可以在 python 中工作。我创建了一个最小的python脚本（保存为“cvTest.py”），它只import cv在顶部，没有别的，然后我使用了py2app（通过终端命令py2applet --make-setup cvTest.py; python setup.py py2app）。当我将生成的独立应用程序移动到未安装 opencv 的另一台计算机（mac、OS 10.7.2）并尝试运行该应用程序时，它会崩溃，并通过 console.app 出现以下错误：

11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest: Traceback (most recent call last):
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest:   File "/Users/ra/Downloads/cvTest.app/Contents/Resources/__boot__.py", line 103, in <module>
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest:     _argv_emulation()
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest:   File "/Users/ra/Downloads/cvTest.app/Contents/Resources/__boot__.py", line 101, in _argv_emulation
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest:     _get_argvemulator().mainloop()
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest:   File "/Users/ra/Downloads/cvTest.app/Contents/Resources/__boot__.py", line 40, in mainloop
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest:     stoptime = Evt.TickCount() + timeout
11-11-10 1:17:38.591 PM [0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'TickCount'
11-11-10 1:17:38.661 PM cvTest: cvTest Error
11-11-10 1:17:39.888 PM com.apple.launchd.peruser.502: ([0x0-0xcb9cb9].org.pythonmac.unspecified.cvTest[49524]) Exited with code: 255

然后我创建了一个简单的 bash 脚本，让我深入研究独立应用程序并从终端运行应用程序的二进制文件：

#!/bin/bash
CMD=$0
PROGDIR=$(echo $CMD|perl -pe 's|/[^/]*$||')
cd "$PROGDIR"
"./cvTest.app/Contents/MacOS/cvTest"

执行此操作会产生以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/ra/Downloads/cvTest.app/Contents/Resources/__boot__.py", line 137, in <module>
    _run('cvTest.py')
  File "/Users/ra/Downloads/cvTest.app/Contents/Resources/__boot__.py", line 134, in _run
    execfile(path, globals(), globals())
  File "/Users/ra/Downloads/cvTest.app/Contents/Resources/cvTest.py", line 1, in <module>
    import cv
  File "cv.pyc", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named cv2.cv
2011-11-10 13:18:26.239 cvTest[49578:707] cvTest Error

[Process completed]

那么，这里发生了什么？为什么我会收到错误消息，有什么方法可以将 opencv 与 py2app 创建的应用程序捆绑在一起，这样就import cv可以了？

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3 回答 3

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老实说，我不确定。但我正在开发一个基于计算机视觉的开源项目（它包装 OpenCV）以及其他项目（http://www.simplecv.org）。我们遇到的一个问题是跨平台部署，因为我们需要一键式安装程序。

我们尝试在 Windows 上使用 Innosetup 并遇到很多问题。我受够了，所以我开始自己写。基本上这个程序所做的是一个引导程序。您下载我们的 exe，运行它，然后它会拉入它需要的文件/库列表并开始安装它们。所以在我们的例子中，我们可以在安装了零库的机器上安装我们的软件。它做的第一件事就是安装 python，然后是 setuptools，然后是 opencv 等。

基本上，我作为开源发布的应用程序将尝试替代 innosetup 但跨平台。如果你想看到它现在的样子（大约 85%），你可以查看它： https ://github.com/ingenuitas/SimpleCV/blob/installer/install/simplecv-installer.py

我计划在完成后分叉这个项目，这样它就可以成为一个通用安装程序，您只需提供一个清单文件即可。这是现有清单： https ://github.com/ingenuitas/SimpleCV/blob/installer/install/manifest.json

于 2011-11-10T19:30:17.450 回答
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可以像这样查找并添加依赖项到 py2app 包：

import os, sys, glob

frameworks = []
opencvLibs = glob.glob(os.path.join(sys.exec_prefix, 'lib', 'libopencv*.2.4.dylib'))
frameworks.extend(opencvLibs)

setup(app=['myApp'],
    options=dict(py2app=dict(
       frameworks=frameworks,
       includes = ['cv2',.....],
       packages = [........],
       ....
       )
    )

但不幸的是，这并不能完全解决问题。对我来说，看起来 cv2.so 已经编译为带有指向 @rpath/Python 的静态链接，但在您的 pyapp 包中，它需要一个相对链接，以便应用程序可以移动。:-(

于 2014-09-12T11:32:40.750 回答
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问题是 py2app 在包中构建了一个完全不同的 Python 发行版。该发行版应该是自包含的，因此它需要包含应用程序在运行时可能使用的所有库（包括 OpenCV）。不幸的是，py2app 似乎错过了 dist/helloworld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/ 中所需的 cv2.so 文件（参见http://pythonhosted.org/py2app/implementation.html）。

这是 OpenCV 的工作安装的样子：

bash-3.2$ ls -1 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv*
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv.py
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv.pyc
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so

所以理论上，将 cv2.so 复制到 dist/helloworld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.X/lib-dynload/ 应该可以解决问题。

不幸的是，它引入了另一个问题：

bash-3.2$ dist/main_wx.app/Contents/MacOS/main_wx 
Segmentation fault: 11

cv2.so 有大量需要包含的依赖项：

bash-3.2$ otool -L /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so 
/usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so:
        /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
        /usr/local/opt/python/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Python (compatibility version 2.7.0, current version 2.7.0)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_core.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_flann.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_imgproc.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_video.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_ml.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_highgui.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_features2d.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_calib3d.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_photo.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_objdetect.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_contrib.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_legacy.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_gpu.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_ocl.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.5/lib/libopencv_nonfree.2.4.dylib (compatibility version 2.4.0, current version 2.4.5)
        /usr/lib/libz.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.2.5)
        /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/OpenCL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
        /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 56.0.0)
        /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)

我不知道如何处理它们，但我有一种感觉，没有它们，任何事情都不会奏效。我将其留在这里，希望其他人可以使用它来找到解决方案。

于 2013-10-25T09:25:00.560 回答