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我正在尝试实现 Spartan 3AN 的 LCD 的初始化。我对此很陌生,所以非常欢迎每一个建议。

我的代码如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Company: 
-- Engineer: 
-- 
-- Create Date:    17:31:49 11/04/2011 
-- Design Name: 
-- Module Name:    LCD - Behavioral 
-- Project Name: 
-- Target Devices: 
-- Tool versions: 
-- Description: 
--
-- Dependencies: 
--
-- Revision: 
-- Revision 0.01 - File Created
-- Additional Comments: 
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
--use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
--use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

-- Uncomment the following library declaration if using
-- arithmetic functions with Signed or Unsigned values
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

-- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating
-- any Xilinx primitives in this code.
--library UNISIM;
--use UNISIM.VComponents.all;

entity LCD is
    Port ( clk : in  STD_LOGIC;
           LCD_DB : out  STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
           LCD_E : out  STD_LOGIC;
           LCD_RS : out  STD_LOGIC;
           LCD_RW : out  STD_LOGIC);
end LCD;

architecture Behavioral of LCD is

--      CAUTION!!!  When using 4-bit mode, FPGA must drive the LCD_DB<3:0> signals HIGH ( = '1' )   
--      MAQUINA DE ESTADOS INICIALIZACION
    type initialization_state is (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, done);
    signal iCurrentState: initialization_state := A;
    signal iNextState: initialization_state := A;
    signal cycleCounter: integer := 0;

--      MAQUINA DE ESTADOS

begin

    initializationLCD:
    process (clk) begin
        if (clk'event and clk = '1') then
            case iCurrentState is
                when A =>
                    if (cycleCounter = 750000) then
                        iCurrentState <= B;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when B =>
                    LCD_RS <= '1';
                    LCD_RW <= '0';
                    LCD_DB <= "00000001";
                    if (cycleCounter = 50000) then
                        iCurrentState <= C;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when C =>
                    if (cycleCounter = 50000) then
                        iCurrentState <= D;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when D =>
                    LCD_RS <= '1';
                    LCD_RW <= '0';
                    LCD_DB <= "00000010";
                    if (cycleCounter = 50000) then
                        iCurrentState <= E;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when E =>
                    if (cycleCounter = 50000) then
                        iCurrentState <= F;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when F =>
                    LCD_RS <= '1';
                    LCD_RW <= '0';
                    LCD_DB <= "00000100";
                    if (cycleCounter = 12) then
                        iCurrentState <= G;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when G =>
                    if (cycleCounter = 50000) then
                        iCurrentState <= H;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when H =>
                    LCD_RS <= '1';
                    LCD_RW <= '0';
                    LCD_DB <= "00001000";
                    if (cycleCounter = 12) then
                        iCurrentState <= I;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when I =>
                    if (cycleCounter = 50000) then
                        iCurrentState <= done;
                        cycleCounter <= 0;
                    else
                        cycleCounter <= cycleCounter + 1;
                    end if;
                when others =>
                    iCurrentState <= done;
            end case;
        end if;
    end process;

end Behavioral;

所以有2个问题:

  1. 这段代码好吗?我知道我还有很多代码要做,但我只是想看看我是否做得很好,是什么让我提出问题 2

  2. 我用 ISim 进行了模拟(顺便说一句,我在 Xilinx 12.3 上)并且状态永远不会改变总是 A,我的代码是否遗漏了什么?或者我模拟的方式不对,你能告诉我如何模拟吗?

非常感谢 !

4

1 回答 1

2

我看到的一些东西,有些是风格,有些不是:

  1. 不要使用and库——它们不是IEEE 标准,并且真的会伤害初学者,因为它带走了 VHDL 提供的许多强类型。改为使用。互联网搜索可以告诉您更多信息。std_logic_arithstd_logic_unsignednumeric_std
  2. “现代”宏rising_edge()是时钟检查的首选,因为它还处理 L->H 状态(在 FPGA/ASIC 中永远不会发生,但无论如何......)
  3. 您有一个iNextState似乎未使用的。
  4. 您有一个边界条件,即LCD在启动时没有设置任何输出。要么向 FSM 添加重置,要么您需要重新考虑设置输出的方式(参见 Mealy 与 Moore 风格的 FSM)。
  5. 如果你有一个枚举,initialization_state你可能想给他们更有意义的名字和/或评论他们在每个州应该做什么。

否则,快速浏览似乎很好。正如其他人所指出的,750K 时钟是一个很长的模拟,并且没有看到驱动时钟的测试台代码,我们不知道它是否会工作。我建议将 750K 和所有其他参数转换为常量,您可以将其更改为非常小的值以进行测试。

于 2011-11-05T13:26:59.980 回答